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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ALL
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kids
very responsive to therapy CD 10 or CALLA + cells are most treatable may spread to CNS and testes |
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AML
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Auer Rods
Myeloblasts adults |
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CLL
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older adults
infiltration of bone marrow, peripheral blood, lymph nodes, spleen, liver, other CD16,20; CD5+, CD10- smudge cells on smear Warm Ab hemolytic anemia. Hypogammaglobulinemia |
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Hairy Cell Leukemia
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B-cell w/ hair like filamentous projections
stain for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) Responds to aalpha-IFN, 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine and deoxycoformycin Pancytopenia splenomegaly |
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CML
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neoplastic clonal prolif of myeloid stem cells;
9, 22; bcr-abl Marked leukocytosis Middle to late myeloid precuros cells; few blasts Decrease in leukocyte alk phos Prominent splenomegaly |
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What is the role of Auer Rods in DIC?
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Seen in peroxidase-positive cytoplasmic inclusions of granulocytes and myeloblasts
AML Rx- releases Auer rods-> DIC |
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9,22
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CML
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8,14
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Burkitt's c-myc
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14,18
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Follicular- bcl2
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15,17
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AML- responds to all-trans retinoic acid
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11,22
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Ewing
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11,14
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Mantle Cell
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What is different between polycythemia vera and other polycythemia?
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decreased epo
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What are some features of poly vera?
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erythrocytosis
moderate increase in circulateing granulocytes/platelets splenomegaly Sludging hematocrit leads to thrmbotic or hemorrhagic phenomena |
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what is the DDx of polycythemia?
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chronic hypoxia- pulm disease or algo asi
innapropriate epo- polycystic kidney disease endocrine- pheo, cushings |
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Chronic Idiopathic myelofibrosis?
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extensive extramedullary hematopooiesis in spleen, liver.
myelofibrosis of bone marrow. smear- tear drop RBCs anemia and Splenomegaly |
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What are the postulated pathogenesis factors in Chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis?
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Megakaryocyte prolif-> PDGF -> TGF-B -> fibroblastic change
Megas are spared in marrow fibrotic process and increase in number-> prominent BM megakaryocytosis. |
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Multiple Myeloma
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malignant plasma cell tumor
end-stage derivative of B lymphocytes that is clearly identifiable as a plasma cell lytic leasions in bone sever bone pain M protein- IgG origA Bence Jones protein increased ESR Poker Chip RBCs Anemia Infection Hypercalcemia Renal insufficiency Amyloidosis |
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Waldenstrom macroglbulinemia
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Lympoplasmacytic lymphoma
Serum IgM immunoglobulin of kappa or lambda Plasmacytoid lymphocytes no bone lesions men > 50 slow course Hyperviscosity- retinal vasc dilation; hemorrhaage, confusion and other CNS changes, emergency plasmapheresis to prevent blindness Abnl bleading- vasc and platelet dysfunction 2ry to serum protein abnlty |
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MGUS
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5-10% of healthy people
M protein, but not too high no bence-jones |
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What is rouleau formation?
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RBCs like poker chips
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Hodgkin's
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malignant neoplasm that resembles inflamm disorder
young adults, men nodular sclerosis-> women EBV in 50% Reed sternberg |
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What is the reed-sternberg cell?
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owl-eyes
binucleated or multinucleated giant cells w/ eosinophilic inclusion-like nucleoli severity is directly correlated w/ # of RS cells Lacunar cells in nodular sclerosis |
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What is lymphocyte rich Hodgkins?
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large numbers of lymphos and histios and few RS cells
fibrous bands and lacunar cells upper mediastinum or lower cervical nodes good prognosis |
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What is mixed cellular hodgkins?
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many RS, many lymphos
intermediate prognosis 25% |
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What is lymphocyte depleted hodgkins?
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rare
few lymphos some RS poor prognosis old men w/ disseminated disease |
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What are some characteristics of non-hodgkin's lymphomas?
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HIV and immunosuppressed
Multiple peripheral nodes common extranodal involvement; non-contiguous spread Majority involve B cells No hypergammaglobulinemia Fewer constitutional symps Peak 20-40 |
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small lymphocytic lymphoma
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B cell, indolent, old
diffuse effacement of lymph node architecture widespread nodal involvement; spleen, liver, bone marrow all involved CLL like, CD 19,20; and CD5+, CD10- |
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Follicular lymphoma
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B cell lymphoma- indolent, old
most common of non-hodgkin angulated grooved cells- surface IgG and CD19,20 14,18; bcl2 |
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mantle cell lymphoma
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11,14; bcl1; cyclin D gene
similar to small lymphocytic lymphoma |
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MALT type lymphoma
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chronic inflamm or autoimmune disease
salivary glands, thyroid, stomach (H. pylori) |
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Diffuse Large B Cell
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odler, but can occur in kids
large, extranodal; wide-spread aggressive dissemination rare leukemic involvemen 80% B 20% T |
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Precusor T lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia
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convoluted nuclei
kids thymic lymphocytes progress to T-ALL aggressive |
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Burkitt lymphoma
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B cell lymphoma- maxilla or mandible in africa
american form in abdominal organs EBV infection Starry-sky apperance- abundant cellular debris taken up by non-neoplastic macros related to B-ALL 8,14- c-myc |
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Mycosis Fungoides
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erthematous eczematoid or psoriasiform
cerebriform nuclei Pautrier microabscesses CD4T Sezary- leukemic form |
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What type of AML is most associated with DIC?
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M3
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What is M1 type of AML?
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no maturation
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What is M3 type of AML?
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promyelocitic
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What is M6 type of AML?
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acute erythroleukemia
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What is M7 type of AML?
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acute megakaryoblastic leukemia
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When you think gynecologic issues what blood abnlty to you think of?
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DIC
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What are the MCV, MCH, and MCHC changes in megaloblastic anemia?
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MCV is high
MCH is high MCHC is normal |
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What is the Rx for CLL?
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Chlorambucil
alkylating agents |
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What is Cisplatin used for?
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teste mets
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What is Dacarbazine used for?
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Melanoma
refractory hodgkins various sarcomas |
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What is vinblastine used for?
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Hodgkins
Non-Hodgkins choriocarcinoma lymphosarcoma neuroblastoma |
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what gene goes with Burkitt?
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c-myc, 8,14
B doesn't come with B Follicular is bcl-2, 14,18 |
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what gene is associated with follicular?
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bcl-2; 14,18
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How do you stain for Hairy B?
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Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
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What does Chromium 51 measure?
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Red cell survival
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What is nitroblue tetrazolium used for?
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evals granulocytic phagocyte function in chronic granulomatous disease
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What CD is Reed-Sternberg known for?
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CD30
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What is the first increase in blood with hemolytic destruction?
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Haptoglobin
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Where does most of the leg drain? and what doesn't drain from there?
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most drains through the saphenous
lateral dorsum of the foot goes through the short saphenous to the popiteal fossa |
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What is the product that is no longer created in aspirin?
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Thromboxane A2
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What type of kidney stones are found in leukemias?
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Uric Acid- from purine breakdown
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How do P. vivax and P. ovale relapse?
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they leave hypnozoites in the liver
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What can happen in late stages of CML and polycythemia vera?
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the bone marrow can burn out and you can develop fibrosis of the BM
Myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis |
