Omm - Osteopathic Glossary For Exam 1

Front 1

Allopath

Back 1

A term used to refer those holding a Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree, a non-osteopathic medical degree

Front 2

Anterior component

Back 2

A positional descriptor used to identify the side of reference when rotation of a vertebra has occurred; in a condition of right rotation, the left side is the anterior component; usually refers to the less prominent transverse process; See also posterior component.

Front 3

Articulation

Back 3

1. The place of union or junction between two or more bones of the skeleton. 2. The active or passive process of moving a joint through its permitted anatomic range of motion. See also osteopathic manipulative treatment, articulatory treatment (ART) system.

Front 4

Asymmetry

Back 4

Absence of symmetry of position or motion; dissimilarity in corresponding parts or organs on opposite sides of the body that are normally alike; of particular use when describing position or motion alteration resulting from somatic dysfunction.

Front 5

Axis

Back 5

1. An imaginary line about which motion occurs. 2. The second cervical vertebra. 3. One component of an axis system.

Front 6

Backward bending

Back 6

Opposite of forward bending. See extension.

Front 7

Barrier (motion barrier)

Back 7

The limit to motion; in defining barriers, the palpatory end-feel characteristics are useful. (Fig. 5)

Front 8

Anatomic Barrier

Back 8

the limit of motion imposed by anatomic structure; the limit of passive motion.

Front 9

Elastic Barrier

Back 9

the range between the physiologic and anatomic barrier of motion in which passive ligamentous stretching occurs before tissue disruption.

Front 10

Pathologic Barrier

Back 10

a restriction of joint motion associated with pathologic change of tissues (example: osteophytes). See also barrier, restrictive b.

Front 11

Physiologic Barrier

Back 11

the limit of active motion.

Front 12

Restrictive Barrier

Back 12

a functional limit that abnormally diminishes the normal physiologic range.

Front 13

Body unity

Back 13

One of the basic tenets of the osteopathic philosophy; the human being is a dynamic unit of function; See also osteopathic philosophy.

Front 14

Bogginess

Back 14

A tissue texture abnormality characterized principally by a palpable sense of sponginess in the tissue, interpreted as resulting from congestion due to increased fluid content.

Front 15

Caudad

Back 15

Toward the tail or inferiorly.

Front 16

Cephalad

Back 16

Toward the head.

Front 17

-ed

Back 17

A suffix describing status, position, or condition (e.g., extended, flexed, rotated, restricted).

Front 18

End feel

Back 18

Perceived quality of motion as an anatomic or physiologic restrictive barrier is approached.

Front 19

Health

Back 19

Adaptive and optimal attainment of physical, mental, emotional, spiritual and environmental well-being.

Front 20

-ion

Back 20

A suffix describing a process or movement (e.g., extension, flexion, rotation, restriction).

Front 21

Kyphosis

Back 21

1. The exaggerated (pathologic) A-P curve of the thoracic spine with concavity anteriorly. 2. Abnormally increased convexity in the curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side (Dorland’s).

Front 22

Lordosis

Back 22

1. The anterior convexity in the curvature of the lumbar and cervical spine as viewed from the side. The term is used to refer to abnormally increased curvature (hollow back, saddle back, sway back) and to the normal curvature (normal lordosis). (Dorland’s). 2. Hollow back or saddle back; an abnormal extension deformity; anteroposterior curvature of the spine, generally lumbar with the convexity looking anteriorly (Stedman’s).

Front 23

Lordotic

Back 23

Pertaining to or characterized by lordosis.

Front 24

Motion

Back 24

1. A change of position (rotation, and/or translation) with respect to a fixed system; 2. An act or process of a body changing position in terms of direction, course and velocity.

Front 25

Active Motion

Back 25

movement produced voluntarily by the patient.

Front 26

Passive Motion

Back 26

motion induced by the osteopathic practitioner while the patient remains passive or relaxed.

Front 27

Physiologic Motion

Back 27

changes in position of body structures within the normal range. See also physiologic motion of the spine.

Front 28

Translatory Motion

Back 28

motion of a body part along an axis. See also translation.

Front 29

Direct method

Back 29

(D/DIR), an osteopathic treatment strategy by which the restrictive barrier is engaged and a final activating force is applied to correct somatic dysfunction.

Front 30

Indirect method

Back 30

(I/IND), a manipulative technique where the restrictive barrier is disengaged and the dysfunctional body part is moved away from the restrictive barrier until tissue tension is equal in one or all planes and directions.

Front 31

Inhibitory pressure technique

Back 31

the application of steady pressure to soft tissues to reduce reflex activity and produce relaxation.

Front 32

Range of motion technique

Back 32

active or passive movement of a body part to its physiologic or anatomic limit in any or all planes of motion.

Front 33

Palpation diagnosis

Back 33

A term used by osteopathic practitioners to denote the process of palpating the patient to evaluate the structure and function of the neuromusculoskeletal and visceral systems.

Front 34

Palpatory skills

Back 34

Sensory skills used in performing palpatory diagnosis and osteopathic manipulative treatment.

Front 35

Physiologic motion of the spine

Back 35

The three major principles of physiologic motion are: I. When the thoracic and lumbar spine are in a neutral position (easy normal; See neutral Fig. 23), the coupled motions of sidebending and rotation for a group of vertebrae are such that sidebending and rotation occur in opposite directions (with rotation occurring toward the convexity). (Fig. 25). See somatic dysfunction, type I s.d. II. When the thoracic and lumbar spine are sufficiently forward or backward bent (non-neutral), the coupled motions of sidebending and rotation in a single vertebral unit occur in the same direction. (Fig. 26) See somatic dysfunction, type II, s.d. III. 1. Initiating motion of a vertebral segment in any plane of motion will modify the movement of that segment in other planes of motion. 2. Principles I and II of thoracic and lumbar spinal motion described by Harrison H. Fryette, DO (1918), Principle III was described by C.R. Nelson, DO (1948). See rotation. See also rotation of vertebra.

Front 36

Plane

Back 36

A flat surface determined by the position of three points in space. Any of a number of imaginary surfaces passing through the body and dividing it into segments. (Fig. 27)

Front 37

Coronal plane (frontal plane)

Back 37

a plane passing longitudinally through the body from one side to the other, and dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions.

Front 38

Frontal plane

Back 38

(Also called Coronal Plane) a plane passing longitudinally through the body from one side to the other, and dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions.

Front 39

Horizontal plane

Back 39

(Also called Transverse Plane) a plane passing horizontally through the body perpendicular to the sagittal and frontal planes, dividing the body into upper and lower portions.

Front 40

Sagittal plane

Back 40

a plane passing longitudinally through the body from front to back and dividing it into right and left portions. The median or midsagittal plane divides the body into approximately equal right and left portions.

Front 41

Transverse plane (horizontal plane)

Back 41

(Also called Horizontal Plane) a plane passing horizontally through the body perpendicular to the sagittal and frontal planes, dividing the body into upper and lower portions.

Front 42

Restriction

Back 42

A resistance or impediment to movement. For joint restriction, See barrier (motion barrier).

Front 43

Rule of threes

Back 43

A method to locate the approximate position of the transverse process (TP) of a thoracic segment by using the location of the spinous process (SP) of that same vertebra. The relationship is as follows: T1 to T3, TP is at the same level as tip of the SP T4 to T6, TP is one half vertebral level above the tip of the SP T7 to T9, TP is one full vertebral level above the tip of the SP T10, TP is one full vertebral level above the tip of the SP T11, TP is one half vertebral level above the tip of the SP T12, TP is at the same level as tip of the SP.

Front 44

Segment

Back 44

1. A portion of a larger body or structure set off by natural or arbitrarily established boundaries, often equated with spinal segment. 2. To describe a single vertebrae or a vertebral segment. corresponding to the sites of origin of rootlets of individual spinal nerves. 3. A portion of the spinal cord

Front 45

Segmental motion

Back 45

Movement within a vertebral unit described by displacement of a point at the anteriorsuperior aspect of the superior vertebral body with respect to the segment below.

Front 46

Sidebending

Back 46

Movement in a coronal (frontal) plane about an anteriorposterior (x) axis. Also called lateral flexion, lateroflexion, or flexion right (or left).

Front 47

Sidebent

Back 47

The position of any one or several vertebral bodies after sidebending has occurred. (Fig. 56) See also sidebending.

Front 48

Skin drag

Back 48

Sense of resistance to light traction applied to the skin. Related to the degree of moisture and degree of sympathetic nervous system activity.

Front 49

S.T.A.R.

Back 49

A mnemonic for four diagnostic criteria of somatic dysfunction: sensitivity changes, tissue texture abnormality, asymmetry and alteration of the quality and quantity of range of motion.

Front 50

Stretching

Back 50

Separation of the origin and insertion of a muscle and/or attachments of fascia and ligaments.

Front 51

Stringiness

Back 51

A palpable tissue texture abnormality characterized by fine or stringlike myofascial structures.

Front 52

T.A.R.T.

Back 52

A mnemonic for four diagnostic criteria of somatic dysfunction: tissue texture abnormality, asymmetry, restriction of motion and tenderness, any one of which must be present for the diagnosis.

Front 53

Tenderness

Back 53

1. Discomfort or pain elicited by the osteopathic practitioner through palpation. 2. A state of unusual sensitivity to touch or pressure (Dorland’s).

Front 54

Tissue texture abnormality

Back 54

(TTA): A palpable change in tissues from skin to periarticular structures that represents any combination of the following signs: vasodilation, edema, flaccidity, hypertonicity, contracture, fibrosis, as well as the following symptoms: itching, pain, tenderness, paresthesias. Types of TTA’s include: bogginess, thickening, stringiness, ropiness, firmness (hardening), increased/decreased temperature and increased/decreased moisture.

Front 55

Traction

Back 55

A linear force acting to draw structures apart.

Front 56

Transverse process

Back 56

Projects laterally from the region of each pedicle. The pedicle connects the posterior elements to the vertebral body. (Fig. 63)

Front 57

Vertebral unit

Back 57

Two adjacent vertebrae with their associated intervertebral disk, arthrodial, ligamentous, muscular, vascular, lymphatic and neural elements. (Fig. 64)