Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The phase of study that is concerned with the motion of the spine with no help from ligaments or muscles.
|
Kinematics
|
|
Anterior Aspect of Spine
|
Vertebral bodies
Intervertebral (IV) discs |
|
Posterior Aspect of Spine
|
Lamina to the spinous processes
|
|
3D system of motion
|
Flexion
Extension Side-bending right and left Rotation right and left |
|
What type of motion...
-The superior segment moves on the inferior segment, which causes the superior segment to move anteriorly and superiorly relative to the inferior segment. |
Flexion
|
|
In what motion are the zygopophyseal joints left open?
|
Flexion
|
|
In what motion do...
-the superior segments move inferior on z-axis and posterior on x-axis -superior segment moves more posterior towards us |
Extension
|
|
In what motion are the zygopophyseal joints closed?
|
Extension
|
|
What motion...
-Superior segment translates to the R along x-axis and rotates to R along z-axis |
Right side-bending
|
|
If we are R-sidebending what will be the status of the transverse process and the R/L zygopophyseal joints?
|
-Transverse processes: R TP will be more posterior
-L ZP: Open -R ZP: Closed |
|
Side bending is coupled with rotation.
If side-bend to the right... |
rotation to the left
|
|
Side bent from neutral position vertebra rotated...
|
vertebra rotated to opposite side as sidebend
|
|
Sidebend from flexed/extended then vertebra rotated...
|
to same side as side bend
|
|
Law 1
|
When in the neutral position, then side-bending to one side is matched with rotation to the opposite side.
Load on vertebra, not facets |
|
Law 2
|
When flexed or extended, then side-bending to one side is matched with rotation to the same side.
Load on facets |
|
Law 3
|
When motion is introduced into the spinal segment in one direction, then the motion in other directions is reduced
|
|
Do the 3 laws of vertebral motion apply to the thoracic spine?
|
Yes
|
|
Do the 3 laws of vertebral motion apply to the lumbar region?
|
Yes
|
|
Do the 3 laws of vertebral motion apply to the cervical region?
|
-Facets are always engaged
-no type 1 motion because already loaded, only type 2. |
|
Theories of causes of vertebral motion dysfunction
|
-Entrapment of synovial material
-Lack of congruence in the point-to-point contact of opposing joint surfaces. -Alterations in the biomechanical & biochemical properties of the myofascial elements -Chemical & physical properties of the synovial fluid & synovial surfaces -Restricted motion due to the altering of the muscle lenght or tone. |
|
Characteristics of Type I
|
-Neutral dysfunction
-a group of segments (3 or more) -restriction of the group to side bending in one direction and rotation in the opposite -facets not involved -no difference in extension or flexion |
|
Characteristics of Type II
|
-Non-neutral dysfunction
-single vertebral motion unit -includes flexion or extension -motion restriction of side-bending and rotation to the same side. |
|
in what type is there something wrong w/ the facets?
|
Type II
|