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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Use of resources that involves removal
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Consumptive
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Conservation ethic inspired by John Muir
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Preservation Ethic
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Manipulation of population or habitats to achieve desired goals by people
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Wildlife Management
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Type of scientific reasoning that is the basis for formation of theory
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Induction
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Actual number of offspring produced by a population per unit time
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Fecundity
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Source of uncertainty in management stemming from inability to census and basing predictions on a sample
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Partial Observability
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Type of population growth where multiplication rate is density independent
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Exponential
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Type of population growth that assumes negative density dependence in population growth rate
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Logistic
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Type of population growth where birth and death rates are constant
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Exponential
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Type of population models that assume non-overlapping
generations and birth pulses |
Finite Difference
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Populations growth is static when this parameter = 1
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Lambda
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Finite rate for population growth
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Lambda
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Free-ranging undomesticated animals in natural environment
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Wildlife
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The scientific basis for ecosystem management
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Adaptive Management
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The statement that it is “usually easier to prevent harm to biodiversity than to repair it later” represents what type of burden of proof?
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Precautionary Principle
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As reviewed in the book and in class, wildlife populations may be managed in one of four ways. List the four:
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1. Make it increase, 2. Make it decrease, 3. Harvest the population for continuing yield, 4. Leave it alone
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List 4 federal agencies (reviewed in class) under the Department of Interior that are in part responsible for managing wildlife on federal lands.
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USFWS, NPS, USGS, BLM, BIA, B Reclamation
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Name the 2 major pieces of federal legislation that formed excise taxes to generate funds for wildlife and fish management at the state level.
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Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act – or - Pittman-Robertson
Federal Aid in Fish Restoration Act – or Dingle-Johnson |
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Prohibited shipment, transport, and commerce of wildlife taken or possesed in violation of state, federal, or foreign laws
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Lacey Act
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Required waterfowl hunters > 16 yrs old to purchase federal stamp
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Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Duck Stamp Act)
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Required for “federal activities significantly affecting quality of human environment
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National Environmental Policy Act
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Restrictions on international trade of wildlife
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Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
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List the 3 components of a fishery
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Human, Habitat, Biota
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As the density of elk increased from 4000 to around 20,000 animals, reproductive rates started to decrease. This is an example of what process
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Density Dependence
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Assume the population is growing logistically towards carrying capacity. How would you modify the continuous equation for exponential growth to account for the unutilized opportunity for
population growth (ie what terms would you add to the equation)? |
(K-N)/K
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List 3 DISTINCT differences between fish and wildlife systems. For each difference, make sure to CLEARLY and BRIEFLY describe the characteristic for both fish and wildlife. Limit your answers ONLY to those that we discussed – at placed on the board – in class
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Many Options, including: 1.) Ectothermic (F) vs Endothermic (W); 2.) Finite Boundaries (F) vs Mobility (W); 3.) O2 limited (F) vs not (W); 4.) Indeterminant (F) vs Determinant (W) Growth;
5.) Hi (F) vs Low (W) Reproductive Potential; 6.) Counting via Biomass (F) vs Density (W); 7.) Low (F) vs Hi (W) Anthropomorphism; 8.) Low (F) vs Hi (W) Ambient Temperature Fluctuations; 9.) Game Species are Predators (F) or Herbivores (W)…. 26. Following the Kellert value scheme: a. Value category describing strong affection for individual animals (2 pts) Humanistic |
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Value category describing strong affection for individual animals
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Humanistic
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Value category describing interest in wildlife and their habitats through direct experience and contact
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Naturalistic
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Logistic population growth models have 2 specific model assumptions that were not applicable to exponential models
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Constant Carrying Capacity; Linear Density Dependence
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The ultimate expression of vegetational development under
prevailing local or regional conditions |
Climax Community
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The resources and conditions present in an area that produce occupancy, including survival and reproduction, of a given organism
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Habitat
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The accessibility and procurability of physical and biological components of a habitat
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Habitat Availability
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The amount of allowable harvest at a particular population size that
will maintain that population size |
Sustained Yield
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The type of predator mortality Paul Errington described for his mink-muskrat system
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Compensatory
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Type of harvest mortality that would suggest that harvest regulations will have little effect on game populations
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Compensatory
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Population model where all relationships are fixed and the concept of probability does not enter
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Deterministic
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A comprehensive analysis of the many environmental and
demographic factors that affect survival of a population – usually applied to small populations at risk |
Population Viability Analysis
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An organism that transmits a disease within and between
populations |
Vector
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Mosquitoes represent this in the case study of heartworm in island foxes
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Vector
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An occurrence of disease that spreads from wildlife to humans
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Zoonosis
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According to Aldo Leopold, “Ax, cow, match, plow” are four tools to do what
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Set back succession
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According to Leopold’s Population Model, wildlife managers can manipulate welfare and decimating factors to achieve what?
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A desired population level
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According to our discussion reading by Binns 2004, the author discusses two different approaches for habitat management of Wyoming streams for trout. What are these 2 approaches?
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1. In-stream, site-specific habitat management
2. Holistic, watershed-wide approach (a la Ecosystem Management) |
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List 3 DISTINCT methods that wildlife managers can use to measure harvest levels?
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Success Ratios
Mandatory Reporting Check Stations Telephone Surveys Mail Surveys Population Models |
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In the lynx-hare cycle discussed in class, assume that the effects of lynx (and other predators) on hares is inversely density dependent. If so, what does this imply with regards to how the impact of predators change as hare populations cycle?
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As hare densities increase during the cycle, the impact of predators on hare populations
declines. As hare densities decrease during the cycle, the impact of predators on hare population increases. |
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List three reasons why island foxes on the California Channel Islands might be particularly sensitive to infectious diseases?
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Little prior exposure
Low genetic diversity High density Abundant vectors Available Reservoirs (e.g. dogs) Few alternative hosts |
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Describe the difference between 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th order habitat selection
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1st order – geographic range
2nd order – home range of individual or group 3rd order – use of habitat components within home range 4th order – how 3rd order selection is carried out |