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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the Earth's out layers broken up into? (can be 2 things)
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plates (or crusts)
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What is the mantle?
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Where the plates move due to convection currents
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What are some examples of what things could happen when the plates move?
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Volcano eruptions, earthquakes, mountain building, seafloor spreading (etc.)
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What is potential energy?
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An object's stored energy
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Where do objects have more potential energy?
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when they are higher up or have more mass
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What is kinetic energy?
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an object's energy while in motion
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When does an object have more kinetic energy?
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The faster it moves
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what are protons and where are they found?
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positive charge found inside the nucleus
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what are electrons & where are they found?
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negative charge found in the "electron cloud" (outside of the nucleus)
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what are neutrons & where are they found?
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neutral charge found inside the nucleus
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what is the atomic number equal to?
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the number of protons and electrons in a neutral atom
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what is the atomic mass equal to?
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the number of protons plus the number of neutrons
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what is the group number equal to?
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the number of valence electrons
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what is the formula for density?
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mass/volume
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do substances that are MORE dense sink or rise?
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sink
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do substances that are LESS dense rise or sink?
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rise
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What is newton's 1st law?
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an object in motion stays in motion and an object at rest stays at rest
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what is newton's second law?
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force = mass x acceleration
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what is newtons' third law?
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for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
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what does friction do?
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slow down an object
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why do objections fall to the ground at the same rate regardless of their weight?
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due to gravity
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what does gravity measure?
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9.8m/s
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what is made by gathering information using your senses about events or processes?
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observations
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what is an inference?
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a guess based on prior knowledge or experience
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what is a proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations?
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a hypothesis
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what is a manipulated variable?
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a variable that is deliberately changed
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what is a variable that is observed and changes in response to the manipulated variable?
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responding variable
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why is a control group not exposed to the independent variable?
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so that is can be used as comparison to the experimental data.
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how many manipulated variables can be in a scientific experiment?
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one
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bio
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life - the study of life
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geo
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earth - the study of earth
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hetero
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different - different genes
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homo
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same - means same,like genes
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a
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not - abiotic - not living
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thermo
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heat/temperature
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eco
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enviornment/outdoors
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chemo
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chemical
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photo
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light
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synthesis
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creates
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what do food webs show?
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the feeding relationships between plants and animals in an ecosystem?
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what do the arrows in a food web show?
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the relationships and direction of energy transfer (the organism that the arrow is pointing to eats the organism the arrow is coming from)
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what does an energy pyramid show?
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the relative amounts of energy at each trophic level
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what is a trophic level?
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each step in a food web or pyramid
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where is the amount of energy greatest in an energy pyramid?
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at the bottom
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where is the amount of energy lowest in a energy pyramid?
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at the top of the pyramid
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can energy be created or destroyed?
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no
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true of false: energy can be transferred from one form to another
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true
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thermal
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heat
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mechanical
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movement
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chemical
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chemical reactions
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electrical
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electricity
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radiant
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light waves traveling through the air
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how does heat energy always travel?
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from hot to cold
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what are prokaryotes cell? (ex)
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simple cells that do not have a nucleus? (bacteria)
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what is a eukaryote cell? (ex)
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complex cells that do have a nucleus (humans, animals, plants)
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what is the process in which a plant (or organism) uses light to convert carbon dioxide and water into food/energy?
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photosynthesis
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what is the process that releases energy by using oxygen to break down sugar (glucose) & other food molecules into food/energy?
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cellular respiration
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how do genes come?
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in paris of chromosomes
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what are the two different types can alleles be?
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dominant or recessive
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what type of letter is a dominant allele represented by?
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a CAPITAL letter
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what type of letter is a recessive allele represented by?
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a LOWERCASE letter
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what does a homozygous pair consist of or can consist of?
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two dominant alleles or two recessive alleles
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what does a heterozygous pair consist of?
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one dominant allele and one recessive allele
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what is the genetic make-up of an individual?
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genotype
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what does phenotype mean?
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an individual's physical appearance
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what is useful for finding the probabilities of traits being expressed in potential offspring
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punnet square
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what goes further by tracking the transmission of traits among various generations?
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pedigree
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what occurs when organisms compete for the same resource at the same place at the same time?
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competition
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what is an interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism?
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predation
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what is any relationship which two species live closely together?
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symbiosis
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a type of symbiosis in which both species mutually benefit from the relationship
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mutualism
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a type of symbiosis in which one organism benefits and other is neither helped nor harmed
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commensalism
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a type of symbiosis in which one organism lies on or inside the other organism and harms it
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parasitism
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unfair prejudice towards a particular opinion; favoring one side of an argument
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bias
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a set of principles that guide decision-making; weather something is morally right or wrong
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ethics
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data that does use numbers
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quantitative
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data that does NOT use number
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qualitative
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what is an abiotic factor (& example)?
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something that is not & never has been alive (rock)
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what is a biotic factor?
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things that are are or used to be alive (a tree)
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