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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Attachment |
- By 6 to 7 months, infants show strong attachment to one person. - The social relationship an infant has between itself and primary caretaker, |
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Harlow's Research |
- Harry Harlow conducted research on rhesus monkeys to test the effects of isolation and study their social and cognitive development. |
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Ainsworth's Strange Test |
- Mom and child enter strange room. - Stranger talks to mom; attempts play with child. - Mom leaves while stranger remains. - Mom returns for a few minutes. - Mom and stranger leaves. - Stranger returns and tries to soothe baby; play. - Mom returns in a few minutes to pick up child. |
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Attachment Styles |
1. Secure: 70% Some anxiety when mom leaves but welcoming during reunions. 2. Avoidant: 20% Distant and aloof during entire event. 3. Resistant: 5% Anxious when mom leaves, angry during reunions. 4. Disorganized: 5% Anxious when mom leaves, shows fear during reunions. |
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Long Term Data On Insecurely Attached Children |
- Less sociable with peers at age 2. - Less persistent and flexible at age 4. - More likely to be depressed at age 6 than securely attached infants. |
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Spitz's Research On Orphans. |
- Spits's research on orphans gave light about the negative effects of children who grew up with no attachment to a primary caregiver. |
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Parenting Styles |
- Authoritarian: firm, cold, strict, punitive. - Permissive: loving, pal-like, few demand, no punishment. - Authoritative: Sets limits, negotiates, listens to child's point of view, sets boundaries. |
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Socialization |
- The process by which a child acquires the thoughts, values, norms, and behaviors that are the characteristics of the society he or she was born in. |
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Outcome Research Of Different Styles Of Parenting |
- Children of authoritarian: withdrawn, unhappy, defiant, angry, dependent. - Children of permissive: outgoing, sociable, immature, inpatient, aggressive. - Children of authoritative: friendly, cooperative, most independent, responsible, competent. |
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Erik Erikson's 8 Stages |
- Each stage combines internal psychological issues and external social factors. - Each stage builds on previous. - Each stage contains a key challenge to resolve. - Each stage involves learning of virtues and vices that extend forward in time to influence future stages. |
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Jean Piaget (1896 - 1980) |
- Swiss psychologist. - First to delve into cognitive psychology.
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Stages of Cognitive Development |
1. Sensory (Motor) Stage 2. Preoperational Stage 3. Concrete Operational Stage 4. Formal Operational Stage |
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Sensory (Motor) Stage |
- Birth to 2 years. - Limited cognitive capabilities. - Basic stage of object permanence. |
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Object Permanence |
- Stages of acknowledging the existence of an object even if it cannot be seen, felt, tasted, or smelled. - 2 months: out of sight = out of mind - 7 months: infant searches, but not very long. - 18 months: infant searches for a long time and will be upset if tricked. |
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Schema Development |
- Assimilation: change environment to match schema. - Dissimilation: change schema to match surrounding. |
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Deferred Imitation |
- Infant imitates parents. |
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Schema |
- Basic mental concept in which info is organized |
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Preoperational Stage |
- Stage when child begins to formulate rules and organize ideas. - Failure to conceptualize conservation of quantity and number. - Displays egocentricism and animism.
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Egocentricism |
- Inability to understand that different people have different points of view. |
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Animism |
- The notion in young children that objects have thoughts and feelings. |
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Formal Operational Stage |
- Greater understanding of many abstract ideas like law, justice, friendship, life. - Reasoning through metaphors and analogies. |
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Concrete Operational Stage |
- Gain conversation. - Begin to understand more abstract ideas. |
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B. Gilligan Theory |
- More relationship and care oriented upbringing betters moral development. |
