Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
War
|
A conflict between organized groups with UNKNOWN RESOLVE each seeking to impose it's will on each other. (TRADOC) A continuation of politics by other means. (Clausewitz)
|
|
|
Friction
|
The intangible force that makes the apparently easy task difficult.
|
|
|
Trinity
|
Rational War Aims/Policy/Strategy, Emotions/Hatred Chance Combat
|
|
|
Combined Arms |
Synchronized & simultaneous application of multiple elements of combat IN CONCERT providing Synergy |
|
|
Bunker Hill 1775 William Howe for Britain |
Patriot tactical defeat. Psychological victory. SURPRISE. MANEUVER. Mission and Enemy |
|
|
Patriot War Aim and Strategy |
War Aim: Independence Strategy: Hold On |
|
|
British Problems |
Disunity of Command Flawed Strategy Misunderstood ''people's war'' and nature of rebellion Single winning move Misuse locals, tories, and indians Logistics coming from England |
|
|
Charleston 1776 Howe (Brit) |
Logistics, Timing, and Terrain. LOC Naval Squadron from Ireland (Brit) delayed. Howe thought a channel was just a creek. |
|
|
New York Campaign 1776 |
Washington vs Howe Center of Gravity for Washington is his Army, not NYC. Howe could have conducted turning movements multiple times but was afraid/slow. Wash saves the War Aim |
|
|
Trenton 1776 Washington |
ENVELOPMENT Maneuver Surprise Christmas night strike. Surprise Attack |
|
|
Princeton 1777 Wash vs Cornwallis |
Security Surprise Timing
Terrain/Weather Left 400 troops burning fires Flanked by way of a 'seemingly' impassable swamp. |
|
|
Small Battles, Low Cost, Big Impact |
Moral and Perseverance Invigorate American cause. TRINITY: Emotions |
|
|
Saratoga 1777 Burgoyne, Howe, St. Ledger (Brits) vs Gates |
Failed British Exterior Line Operation No Unity of Command France now sees US as a safe bet |
|
|
Brandywine 1777 Washington vs. Howe |
Terrain and Troops Similar to NYC Campaign Washington retreats to save his Army |
|
|
Battle of Monmouth 1778 Clinton (Brit) vs Washington |
Washington Leadership and Von Steuben training help in this battle. Wash chewed out Lee but Clinton pressed forward and it was a tactical draw. Showed US could fight in regular formations. |
|
|
Waxhaws 1780 Tarleton (Brit) |
Tarleton's men shot and killed men who were trying to surrender. EMOTION side of the Trinity for the US |
|
|
Southern Campaign Cornwallis |
Cornwallis forces aggravated the locals: Legitimacy, Perseverance, Restraint British foolishly expected to win the hearts and minds of people. |
|
|
Sumter and Marion |
Sumter: Reckless Marion: Careful Both had LEGITIMACY and local support Tecumseh lacked LEGITIMACY |
|
|
Kings Mountain 1780 OAKOC Cornwallis |
Tories/Brits have interior lines Americans have external Patriots have Cover and Concealment Brits have poor fields of fire Battle is first of a chain of evils for Brits |
|
|
Cowpens 1781 Morgan (Pat) vs. Tarleton (Brit) |
meTT-Tc Tarleton chased militia Morgan double envoloped Tarleton Clever use of Terrain and Troops |
|
|
Guilford Courthouse 1781 Greene (North) |
Green Held on! (strategy) Lost battle to win the campaign Paved the way for Yorktown |
|
|
Yorktown 1781 Wash vs Cornwallis |
Wash used the Navy and our Armies to deceptively surround the Brits. Left 2,000 troops in New York City to trick Clinton into thinking he was going to attack there. Washington traveled down the Chesapeake Bay to encircle Corwallis. |
|
|
Newburg Affair |
Washington prevented a mutiny CIVILIANS control the MILITARY |
|
|
Congress, President, and Militia |
Congress exercises legislation, makes laws, and controls money. Congress declares war Formally. President cannot declare war Formally. President is Commander-in-Chief for militia ONLY when called to Fed Service. President has Exec power to commit people to combat. |
|
|
St Clair's Expedition (US) |
Fort Miami Security Misused Worst defeat suffered at the hands of the Indians |
|
|
1792 Militia Acts |
Gave the President power to enact the militia The Constitution does not do this |
|
|
Tecumseh |
Shawnee Chief Not legitimate Unity was not common among Indians Brother: Prophet |
|
|
War of 1812: United States Strategic Aims |
Take Canada Defeat Indian Threat Confirm Sovereignty |
|
|
Lake Erie
1813 |
Oliver Perry (Pats) wins a naval battle. British LOC suffered Economy of Force and LOC battle |
|
|
Thames 1813 |
Land battle for Gen Harrison (Pat) Pats used Surprise, Troops, and Mass in a Mounted attack. Economy of Force and LOC control Tecumseh died here. |
|
|
Creek War Campaign 1813-1814 Andrew Jackson |
Aggressiveness increased Logistical Friction. Outran LOCs Developed contract issues w/men Crushed Red Stick Indians |
|
|
Battle of Lake Champlain 1814 Provost (Brit) vs MacDonough & Macomb (Pat) |
US Confirmed Sovereignty No LOC for Brits Center of Gravity was LAKE, not Plattsburgh or Canada |
|
|
Battle of New Orleans 1815 Jackson |
KOcoa - Key Terrain and Obstacles Jackson conducted very successful defense of key terrain using obstacles (swamp and river) |
|
|
First Seminole War 1818 |
Jackson pushed well over the Florida border. Logistical problems such as contract and LOC came back around. Goal was to remove Indians, not exterminate. |
|
|
Second Seminole War 8 Years Long |
We persevered Started fighting year round. Removed the Majority of Seminoles until Legitimacy of threat was diminished. |
|
|
Mexico War Aims |
US Aim: Take Southwest US Strategy: Offer $$ Always Mexico Aim: Stop US from taking land. Mexico Strategy: Hope US doesn't want it bad enough to fight. |
|
|
Monterrey Zackary Taylor Urban |
Taylor has many people and not enough supplies. Envelopment turned into an urban penetration. Mexicans surrendered and retreated. Goal was to simply seize. That goal failed. |
|
|
Buena Vista Taylor vs Santa Ana |
Taylor used Key Terrain and Obstacles to block Santa Ana from flanking. Taylor defeated a much larger unit by funneling. Compare to New Orleans! |
|
|
Mexico City Campaign Winfield Scott |
Terrain in all Three! Maneuver and Unity of Command Cerro Gordo: Envelopment Contreras: Envelopment Chapultepec: Penetration |
|
|
Civil War Aims and Strategies |
North: Unify the Country and Abolish Slavery South: Independence and Preserve Way of Life |
|
|
Hardee's Tactics |
Rifle musket and rifling replaced smoothbore. Still conducted linear tactics with mass regimental lines. Not a big adjustment on ANY level. |
|
|
Artillery, Railroads, and Telegraph |
Artillery: No big tactical change Railroads: Huge everywhere Telegraph: Minor impact. Cant be used on battlefield. |
|
|
Anaconda Plan |
Block Confederate Sea Ports Seize control of the Mississippi TRINITY: Policy |
|
|
Manassas McDowell vs Beauregard |
First time railroads played a big part. Rebels brought reinforcements on train. |
|
|
Forts Henry and Donelson Grant and Foote (Pats) vs Floyd, Pillow, and Buckner (South) |
Key Terrain. On Cumberland Gap and Tennessee. Highway to the South!
Rebel Disunity of Command led to Rebel surrender and Grant win. |
|
|
SHILOH Campaign Grant v Johnston |
Grant was SURPRISED but he Persevered and won the next day. Overnight the North received extra troops and supplies leading to SURPRISE. If South would have attacked overnight, they would have won. Albert Johnson used Railroads to concentrate forces at Corinth against Grant. |
|
|
Bragg's 1862 Kentucky Campaign |
Bragg wanted to liberate Kentucky while moving through Tennessee (north). Bragg used railroads. Bragg didn't coordinate will and wasn't welcome in Kent/Tenn. Bragg retreated to Central Tennessee after a narrow tactical victory. Lack of Unity of Command |
|
|
Stonewall Jackson's Valley Campaign 1862 |
Surprise, Maneuver, Offensive, Unity of Command. Kept THREE Yankee armies occupied so McClellan had no help w/Richmond. Huge impact on 7 Days Battle |
|
|
Seven Days Battle McClellan (N) vs Lee & Jackson (S) |
McClellan is paused outside of Richmond. Lee attacks. Tactical failure of Lee. North wins strategically. South wins operationally. No Unity of Command for Jackson and Lee |
|
|
Antietam McClellan v Lee |
MASS, OFFENSIVE Lee had his back to a river and was outnumbered. McClellan did not apply mass or offensive correctly. Lee had interior lines but still had to surrender. McClellan was fired. |
