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131 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Polygamy
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Mormon men could have several wives
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Proselytisation
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Mormons should convert others |
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Politics
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Mormon leaders should have the most political power
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Property
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Mormon church owned all property, not individuals
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People of God
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Obedience made the Mormons 'the chosen ones'
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Kirtland, Ohio
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Smith was tarred and feathered
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Kirtland, Ohio
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First Mormon temple built
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Kirtland, Ohio
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Mormon bank collapsed
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Missouri
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Mormons were anti-slave, annoyed slave owners
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Missouri
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Danites suspected of plotting with Indians
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Missouri
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Many Mormon leaders attacked
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Nauvoo, Illinois
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Mormons allowed army and laws
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Nauvoo, Illinois
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Smith runs for president
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Nauvoo, Illinois
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Smith destroys PP, arrested and killed
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Joseph Smith
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Founded the Mormon faith
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Rapid expansion
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People thought Mormons were recruiting too quickly
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Deseret
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Means honeybee, name of Mormon state
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Salt Lake Valley
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Dry, harsh conditions and unwanted |
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Brigham Young
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Took the Mormons to Salt Lake City
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1896 |
Utah became a state
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Homestead Act 1862
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160 acres of free land for 5 years
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Homesteaders |
Sod houses made of earth
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Homesteaders |
Farmers paid to borrow sod-busters (plough)
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Homesteaders
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Buffalo dung used as fuel
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Homesteaders' problems
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Little or no wood
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Homesteaders' problems |
Land too hard for light ploughs
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Homesteaders' problems |
Lack of water - crops failed
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Homesteaders' problems |
Extreme weather and plagues of grasshoppers
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Female homesteaders |
Setting up farms and church groups etc
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Female homesteaders
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Education, housework and making goods e.g. candles
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Companies in the West |
They built railways to attract more customers
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Turkey Red Wheat
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A new crop grown to combat problems |
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Dry farming
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Turning soil after there had been rain |
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Texas Longhorn |
Crossbreed between English Longhorns/Mexican Criollos
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Civil War
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Many ranchers came back to loads of cattle
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Cattle ranchers
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Beef popularity increased in the 1850s
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Four main cattle trails
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Goodnight-Loving Trail
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Four main cattle trails
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Western Trail |
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Four main cattle trails
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Chisholm Trail
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Four main cattle trails
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Shawnee Trail
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Long Drive
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600,000 cattle driven North
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Cowboy problems
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Storms, river floods, stampedes
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Joseph McCoy
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Built Abilene
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Cow towns
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Violent - cowboys went there after the trail
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Open range
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No fences, cattle could graze freely
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Cattlemen vs Homesteaders
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Texas fever
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Cattlemen vs Homesteaders
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Homesteaders fenced their land, cattle drive was harder
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End of bonanza
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Better quality beef was produced elsewhere
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End of bonanza
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Quarantine laws
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End of bonanza
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Herds became too big
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Cowboys
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Had to deal with Indians
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Cowboys
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Were paid all at once - went wild |
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Cowboys
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Boredom and discomfort
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State
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Territory with 60,000 people
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1890
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Frontier closed
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Outlaws
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Treated as heroes for helping ordinary people
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James Younger gang (Jesse James)
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Robin Hood - stole from banks/railways
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Wyatt Earp
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Arrested for horse stealing |
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Wyatt Earp
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Killed three people
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Wyatt Earp
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Became a lawman despite criminal record
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Vigilante groups |
Normal people who defended law and order
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Johnson County War
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Between homesteaders and cattle ranchers
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Johnson County War
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James Averill and Ella Watson killed (rustling)
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Johnson County War
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Regulators killed 2 rustlers, attacked by locals
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Johnson County War
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US Army rescued the regulators |
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Settlers
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Viewed the NA as inferior
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Settlers
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Brought disease to the NA
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Good land
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Taken by the settlers
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Bad land
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Left for the Indians
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Reservations
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The NA was forced onto these |
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Cherokees
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Became successful - forced out of Georgia
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Fort Laramie Treaty
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NA allowed the army to build forts along the OT |
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Civil War
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Attempts were made to recruit NA
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Little Crow's War
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Between US army and Santee Sioux (Dakota)
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Little Crow
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Reluctantly led his tribe in an uprising
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Bozeman Trail
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Ran through hunting grounds of Sioux
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Railroad
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Took land from the NA
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Black Hills
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Sacred to Sioux - gold rush there
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Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse
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Raised NA force against Black Hills
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Custer
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Outnumbered by Indians 5 to 1
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Winchester vs Springfields
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Indians had better technology than Custer
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Custer
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His men killed by NA
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Custer
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Split his men by three
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Ghost Dance
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Thought to raise the dead, fight settlers
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Sioux special shirts
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Thought to protect them from white bullets
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Battle of Wounded Knee
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US Army attacked NA unfairly
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End of frontier
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NA couldn't hunt - needed government aid
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Buffalo |
Almost wiped out by settlers
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Alcoholism
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Became common with NA
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Education
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NA children were sent to boarding school
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Indian culture suppressed
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Plural marriages and religious practices banned
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End of the frontier
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No more land, Indian reservations taken
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Dawes Act
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Convert tribesmen into farmers
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Dawes Act
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Broke up reservations into personal allotments
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Low plains
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East, long grass
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High plains
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West, short grass
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Summer
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Very hot and dry
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Winter
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Very cold and wet
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Plateaux region
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Flat and deserty |
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Buffalo
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NA used for meat
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Buffalo
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NA used skins for wool, clothing and tents
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Buffalo
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NA used dung for fuel
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Buffalo
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NA used bones for tools
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Horse
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Made it easier for NA to hunt/transport
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Cheyenne |
Used to be farmers
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Mandans
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Farmed and lived in permanent villages
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Tlingits
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Relied on craft and trade
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Navajos
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Shepherds
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Land
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NA believed it could never be owned
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Generosity |
Was important to NA
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NA warfare
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Used to gain resources and respect
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Counting coup
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Showed bravery, reduced death
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NA women
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Looked after agriculture |
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NA women
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Made most of the finished goods
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NA women
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Looked after the horses
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Wakan Tanka |
NA Great Spirit - present in nature
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Scalping
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Removing the scalp of an enemy as trophy
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Medicine Man
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Had a connection to the spirit world
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Oral history
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NA didn't write anything down
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Push factor
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Poverty, disease, overpopulation
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Push factor
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Religious/social persecution, taxation
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Pull factor
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New start, government encouragement
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Pull factor
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Tales from West, fertile cheap land, gold/silver
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Donner party
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Took Hastings Cut off, most died
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Prairie Schooner
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Wagon used by emigrants
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Manifest Destiny
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God given right to move West
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49ers
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People who went West for gold
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Service industries
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Prostitutes, saloon owners, shop keepers
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Mining towns
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Everything was expensive
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Miners' courts
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No permanent prisons, immediate death sentences |
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Mining towns
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Very violent, a lot of claim jumping
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