Ocr Gateway Biology Higher Vocab

Front 1

Absorbed

Back 1

taken in

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Accommodation

Back 2

the eye's ability to change focus

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Acid Rain

Back 3

rain water which is made more acidic by pollutant gases

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Acrosome

Back 4

part of the the sperm that contains enzymes

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Active Immunity

Back 5

you have immunity if your immune system recognises a pathogen and fights it

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Active site

Back 6

the place on an enzyme where the substrate molecule binds

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Active Transport

Back 7

in active transport, cells use energy to transport substances through cell membranes against a concentration gradient

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Adaptations

Back 8

features that organisms have to help them survive in their environment

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Adrenaline

Back 9

hormone produced by adrenal glands

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Aerating

Back 10

increasing the amount of air in soil

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Aerobic Respiration

Back 11

respiration that involves oxygen

Front 12

Agglutination

Back 12

when red blood cells group together

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Alcohol

Back 13

substance made by the fermentation of yeast

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Alginate

Back 14

chemical used to immobilise enzymes

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Allele

Back 15

inherited characteristics are carried as pairs of alleles on pairs of chromosomes. Different forms of a gene are different alleles

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Amino Acids

Back 16

small molecules from which proteins are built

Front 17

Amniocentesis

Back 17

test during pregnancy for foetal abnormalities

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Amylase

Back 18

enzyme that digests starch

Front 19

Anaerobic Respiration

Back 19

respiration without using oxygen

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Antagonistic muscles

Back 20

pair of muscles working together, as one contracts the other relaxes

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Antibiotic

Back 21

therapeutic drug acting to kill bacteria which is taken into the body

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Antibody

Back 22

protein normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralises, thus producing an immune response

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Anti-coagulant

Back 23

chemical that stops blood clotting

Front 24

Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)

Back 24

hormone which controls re-absorption of water in kidneys (controls water levels in the blood)

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Antigen

Back 25

any substance that stimulates the production of antibodies- on the surface of red blood cells determine blood group

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Antiseptic

Back 26

used to kill micro-organisms in wounds

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Antiviral Drug

Back 27

therapeutic drug acting to kill viruses

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Arteries

Back 28

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Front 29

Aseptic technique

Back 29

precautions taken to ensure there is no contamination when growing bacteria

Front 30

Asexual reproduction

Back 30

reproduction involving only one parent

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Assaying

Back 31

technique used in genetic engineering to find out if bacteria have taken up the genes

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Asthma

Back 32

condition where airways are inflamed and constricted

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ATP

Back 33

molecule used to store energy in the body

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Auxin

Back 34

a type of plant hormone

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Axon

Back 35

part of neurone that carries nerve impulse

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Bacteria

Back 36

single-celled micro-organisms which can either be free-living organisms or parasites (they sometimes invade the body and cause disease)

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Balanced symbol equation

Back 37

a symbolic representation showing the kind and amount of the starting materials and products of a reaction

Front 38

Binary fission

Back 38

reproduction in bacteria

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Binocular vision

Back 39

the ability to maintain visual focus on an object with both eyes, creating a single visual image

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Binomial System

Back 40

the scientific way of naming an organism

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Biodiversity

Back 41

range of different living organisms in a habitat

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Biofuels

Back 42

fuels made from plants- these can been burned in power stations

Front 43

biogas

Back 43

bio-fuel containing methane

Front 44

Biological catalyst

Back 44

molecules in the body that speed up chemical reactins

Front 45

Biological Control

Back 45

A natural predator is released to reduce the number of pests infesting a crop

Front 46

Biological indicators

Back 46

organisms living in water:their presence or absence tells scientists how polluted water is

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Biomass

Back 47

waste wood and other natural materials which are burned in power stations

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Blind Trial

Back 48

a drugs trial where volunteers do not know which treatment they are receiving

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Blood pressure

Back 49

force with which blood presses against the walls of the blood vessels

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Blood Sugar Level

Back 50

amount of glucose in the blood

Front 51

Blood Transfusion

Back 51

when blood from one person is put into another person (the two people must have compatible blood groups)

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Body Mass Index (BMI)

Back 52

measure of someone's weight in relation to their height

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Bone Marrow

Back 53

Centre of long bones

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Cancer

Back 54

life threatening condition where body cells divide uncontrollably

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Capillaries

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small blood vessels that join arteries to veins

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Captive Breeding

Back 56

breeding a species in zoos to maintain the wild population

Front 57

Carbohydrates

Back 57

chemicals found in all living things. They contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

Front 58

Carbon

Back 58

a very important element, its present in all living things and forms a huge range of compounds with other elements

Front 59

Carbon Cycle

Back 59

a natural cycle which it carbon moves by respiration, photosynthesis and combustion in the form of carbon dioxide

Front 60

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Back 60

gas as present in the atmosphere at a low percentage but important in respiration, photosynthesis and combustion; a greenhouse gas which is emitted into the atmosphere as a by-product of combustion

Front 61

Carbon Footprint

Back 61

the total amount of greenhouse gases given off by a person in a given time

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Carbon Monoxide

Back 62

poisonous gas made when fuels burn in a shortage of oxygen

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Carnivore

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animal that eats other animals (meat eater)

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Carotene

Back 64

plant pigment involved in photosynthesis

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cartilage

Back 65

softer and more flexible than bone, found in internal skeletons

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Cell Differentiation

Back 66

when cells become specialised

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Cell Membrane

Back 67

layer around a cell which helps to control substances entering and leaving the cells

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Central Nervous System (CNS)

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collectively the brain and spinal cord

Front 69

CFCs

Back 69

gases which used to be used in refrigerators and which harm the ozone layer

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Chemical Digestion

Back 70

enzymes carry out chemical digestion when they break down large food molecules into smaller ones

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Chlorophyll

Back 71

pigment found in plants which is used in photosynthesis (gives plant its green colour)

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Cholesterol

Back 72

fatty substance which can block blood vessels

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Chromosomes

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thread-like structures in the cell nucleus that carry genetic information

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Clone

Back 74

genetically identical copy

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Closed Circulatory System

Back 75

blood carried in blood vessels

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Coalesce

Back 76

join together/move as one

Front 77

Coherent

Back 77

waves having the same frequency, amplitude and phase (or constant phase difference)

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Collagen

Back 78

protein used for support in animal cells

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Colloids

Back 79

a liquid that has small particles dispersed it that do not settle

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Community

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all the p