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12 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

what are the particles of the nucleus in an atom?

Protons and neutrons

explain why atoms are neutral.



Atoms have an equal amount of positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons.

What is an isotope?



An element that has atoms with the same atomic number but different masses.

Describe how the elements are arranged on the periodic table.

Atomic number order. In the groups numbered with the number of electrons in the outside shell. In periods in order of how many shells the electrons are occupying.

Explain why lithium forms a positive ion.

Atoms are stable when they have a full outer shell of electrons. Lithium has one electron in its outer shell so is more stable is this electron is lost. This leaves the atom with a positive charge,

Explain why fluorine forms a negative ion.

Fluorine has an electron pattern of 2.7 so needs one more electron to make it stable, making it negatively charged.

Explain how the ionic bonding in lithium fluoride means that it becomes solid.

The positive ions of lithium are attracted to the negative ions of fluorine; to make a giant ionic lattice which is stable.

Describe the structure of magnesium oxide.

Giant ionic lattice.

When is magnesium oxide able to conduct electricity?

When it's molten or in a solution.

Explain why a solution of sodium chloride can conduct electricity.

It contains ions, these are free to move around.

Explain why sodium chloride has a high melting point.

A lot of energy is needed to break apart the giant ionic lattice formed by strong attraction of ions.

Explain why magnesium oxide has an even higher melting point that sodium chloride.

Magnesium transfers out two electrons not just one; magnesium ions are very small so they can get closer so the bonds are stronger.