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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Eliminating C=C double triple bonds |
H² Metal Catalyst |
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Alkyne to cis alkene |
Lindar catalyst |
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Alkyne to trans alkene |
Birch reduction |
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Keytone to alcohol (+1 substituent) |
Gringard Reagent |
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Synthesize Gringard Reagents |
Magnesium + alkyl halide in ether |
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Ester to tertiary alcohol |
2 Gringard/ether then aqueous |
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Epoxide opening to alcohol |
Gringard rxn (least stericly hindered) |
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Sn2 double bonds/ R group epoxide transfer |
Cuprate (R²CuLi) |
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Reduction of carbonyls/esters |
NaBH⁴ or LiAlH⁴ (for esters |
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Oxidation of alcohols |
PCC, Jones, K²Cr²O7 / H² SO⁴ , Dess Martin |
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Primary Alcohol to Carboxylic Acid |
Jones |
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Alcohol Leaving Group for Sn1 or Sn2 |
Acidify or PBr³ |
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Carboxylic to Ester |
HCl and Primary Alcohol |
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Cleavage of Diols |
IO⁴ |
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Pinacol Rearrangment |
Alcohol acidified, 1-2 methyl shift on carbocation, Alcohol deprotenated for collapse in carbonyl |
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Double bond to epoxide |
m-CPBA (peracid) |
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Epoxide to diol |
Acid and water |
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Splitting C=C bond for two carbonyls |
Ozone + MeS |
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Anti markovnikov addition |
Nuclephile radicalized by peroxide |
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Single bromine addition/ Sn2 |
NBS and UV |
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Diers Alder |
S-cis conjugated alkene and alkene or alkyne with EWG para favored |
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SeA |
Electophile hits double bond and base hits proton (directing effects) |
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Chlorination SeA |
Cl² + AlCl³ |
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Bromination SeA |
Br² FeBr³ |
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Iodination |
I² + HNO³ |
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Sulfination |
SO³ H²SO⁴ |
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Nitration |
HNO³ + H²SO4 (NO²) |
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Adding Alkyls to Aromatics |
Carbocation alkyl and base (AlCl³ Cl/ OH Acid) |
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Adding acyls to aromatics |
Acyl carbocation and base |
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SnAr |
Nu at Halide and adjacent EWG |
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Adding nuclephile to aromatic |
Base and nucleophile |
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Aromatic additon |
H² metal and 1000psi |
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Directing Effects Aromatic |
O,p has line pair for ressonance and activate M doesn't and deactivate Halides o,p but deactivate |
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Reduction to 1,4 cyclohexadienes |
Treat with Na in NH3 Substituent as EWG to make parallel As EDG to make diagnol |
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Keytone into 3° alcohol |
Anionic nucleophile/gringard |
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Immine creation |
Acid catalyzed keytone with 1° amine (Reversible with water) |
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Keytal creation |
Alcohol or R³SH with acid on keytone (Reversible with water) |
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Deoxygenation (removal) of keytone |
HS(CH²)³HS + Acid and RaNi H²NNHTs p-TosH and NaBH³CN |
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Adding R²N groups to keytones |
NR² and acid Creates a double bond by removing a neighboring proton on near carbon |
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Hydration of alkyne to aldehyde |
(Sia)²BH and H²O² |
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Formation of any keytone from formaldehyde |
Thioacytal creation to nBu-Li reacting with 2 1° halides and reversing with water+acid |
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Carboxylic acids to keytones |
Alkyllithiums |
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Nitrilea to keytones |
Gringard with water and acid |
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Acylchlorides to aldehydes |
LiAlH(O-t-Bu)³ |
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Esters to aldehydes |
DIBAL AlH(i-Bu)² |
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Acylchlorides to keytones |
Cuprates R²CuLi |
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Eliminating carbonyls and C-C bind forming |
Ph³P=CH² or CHR (Witting) Cis if R is alkane Trans if R is EWG |
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Protecting a diol |
Acid and keytone for keytal Remove with water in acid |
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Protecting individual alcohol |
RSiCl in Et³N Remove with n-Bu⁴NF |