Oceanography Test 2

Front 1

Extreme Variation in the ocean's temperature is prevented by the water's

Back 1

heat capacity

Front 2

The ______ wavelengths of light penetrate deepest into the ocean

Back 2

blue

Front 3

If a sound pulse is sent vertically downward into the sea and its reflected echo from the seafloor returns 6 second later, the depth of the water is ____ meters (the average speed of sound in seawater is 1500 m/s)

Back 3

4500

Front 4

Heat is measured in

Back 4

calories

Front 5

If ocean water were incompressible, sea level would stand ____ its present level

Back 5

greater than

Front 6

Which method best transmits heat through water?

Back 6

convection

Front 7

When sea ice forms, the atmosphere above the ice ______ heat a the rate of about _____ calories per g of ice formed

Back 7

gains; 80

Front 8

Which substance has the greatest density?

Back 8

cold salt water

Front 9

the polarity of water molecules is responsible for all of the following except:

Back 9

covalent bonding

Front 10

Which processes cause surface seawater to increase in density?

Back 10

sea ice formation and surface water evaporation

Front 11

seawater with a salt content of 35g/kg has a freezing point

Back 11

above its temperature of maximum density

Front 12

Fresh water has its maximum density at

Back 12

4c

Front 13

Which of the following chemicals is commercially extracted from seawater?

Back 13

bromine

Front 14

the pH of seawater is regulated by

Back 14

carbon dioxide

Front 15

a device used to separate fresh water from salt water using heat is called a(n)

Back 15

still

Front 16

Ions are removed from seawater by

Back 16

adsorption

Front 17

trace elements in seawater are

Back 17

necessary for many marine life forms

Front 18

Which latitudinal area tends to have the highest average surface salinity?

Back 18

about 25 degrees

Front 19

If the salinity of ocean water is 36% there are ___ g of salt left from evaporating 2 kg of seawater

Back 19

72

Front 20

Sources of oxygen in the open sea include

Back 20

the atmosphere and photosynthesis

Front 21

which of the following ions has the highest concentration in seawater?

Back 21

CI

Front 22

the concentration of carbon dioxide in surface water is low, whereas the concentration of oxygen is high because of the

Back 22

photosynthesis process

Front 23

the residence time of an ion in the ocean may be determined by

Back 23

dividing the total amount of the ion by either input or output rate

Front 24

the dissolving ability of water is related to

Back 24

attraction between the water molecule's positive and negative charges and charges on other atoms

Front 25

Approximately what percentage of incoming solar radiation is absorbed by the surface of the Earth?

Back 25

47%

Front 26

Ozone destruction appears to be related to increasing levels of ____ in the atmosphere

Back 26

chlorine

Front 27

the doldrums are found

Back 27

between the northeast trade winds and the southeast trade winds

Front 28

During the indian wet monsoon, the prevailing winds blow ____ in the ____

Back 28

onshore; summer

Front 29

Which reservoir stores the largest amount of Co2?

Back 29

the oceans

Front 30

a storm surge is due to the

Back 30

low atmospheric pressure at a storm's center and strong winds creating a surface flow toward the shore

Front 31

Hurricanes derive their energy from ____ pressure zones in the ____ latitudes

Back 31

low; tropical

Front 32

air becomes less dense and rises when

Back 32

- the air warms

- the water vapor content increases

-the atmospheric pressure decreases

-all of the above

Front 33

The Coriolis effect arises primarily from the

Back 33

rotation of Earth around its axis

Front 34

A parcel of air from the South Pole moves due north along the prime meridian; its motion is independent of Earth's rotation. Over what longitude will it be found four hours later?

Back 34

60W

Front 35

The effect of ozone destruction is most severe

Back 35

at polar latitudes

Front 36

A local shore wind controlled only by daily temperature variation between land and water will blow ______ during the night

Back 36

offshore

Front 37

When geostrophic flow is achieved, the ____ force is balanced by the ___ force

Back 37

coriolis, gravitational

Front 38

Currents are more intense on the ____ side of the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans

Back 38

western

Front 39

A zone surface divergence is an area of _____ and ____biological productivity

Back 39

upwelling; high

Front 40

the large oceanic surface current gyres centered on about 30N

Back 40

rotate clockwise

Front 41

the average movement of all water affected by the wind is _____ degrees to the ______ of the wind motion in the Southern Hemisphere

Back 41

90; left

Front 42

the main reason why the speed of the Florida current is high is because

Back 42

the channel through which it flows is narrow

Front 43

If the density of the water increases with depth, the water column is

Back 43

stable

Front 44

if two surface water types with the same density buy different salinities and temperatures mix, the resulting water will be

Back 44

a denser than both parent types

Front 45

the water type occupying the greatest volume of the Atlantic Ocean is

Back 45

North Atlantic deep water

Front 46

Layering in the ocean occurs because

Back 46

- Surface processes form water layers of differing combinations of salinity and temperature

- atmospheric processes control conditions at the surface

Front 47

A rapid change in temperature with depth is called a

Back 47

thermocline

Front 48

which current flows south along the west coast the U.S.?

Back 48

California