Oceanography Test 1

Front 1

What are "Plate Tectonics"?

Back 1

The outermost portion of Earth, composed of thin, rigid, and mobile "plates"

Front 2

List 3 examples of evidence used as proof for Tectonic Plates.

Back 2

1. Satellites show us that they move

2. Earthquake distribution

3. Age of rock

Front 3

What type of motion does a Divergent boundary have?

Back 3

a pull apart motion (<-- -->)

Front 4

What is the result of a Divergent boundary?

Back 4

Thinning of the lithosphere

Front 5

List a geographical example of a (C-C) Divergent zone.

Back 5

Africa

Front 6

What is the tectonic process of (C-C) Divergent boundaries?

Back 6

Rifting

Front 7

What is a feature that results from the rifting process?

Back 7

Rift Valley

Front 8

What forces are involved in Divergent boundaries?

Back 8

Tensional

Front 9

Is the Sea floor being created or destroyed at a C-C Divergent boundary? Why?

Back 9

Neither. In this sense, we are only dealing with continents which has no effect on the sea floor.

Front 10

Give a geographic example of an O-O Divergent boundary

Back 10

The Atlantic Ocean

Front 11

What is the tectonic process of O-O Divergent Boundaries?

Back 11

Sea-floor spreading

Front 12

What features are a result of Sea-floor spreading?

Back 12

- Volcanism

- Mid-ocean ridge

- Pillow lava

Front 13

Is the Sea Floor being created or destroyed at an O-O Divergent boundary? Why?

Back 13

It is being created. After lava flows out it then hardens and creates a new layer of sea-floor.

Front 14

What is the motion of Convergent boundaries?

Back 14

Collision (--><--)

Front 15

What forces are involved in Convergent boundaries?

Back 15

Compressional forces

Front 16

What are two geographic examples of O-C Convergent boundaries?

Back 16

1. West Coast of South America

2. Mt. St. Helens (Near Washington)

Front 17

What is the tectonic process of O-C Convergent boundaries?

Back 17

Subduction

Front 18

List two features that result from the O-C subduction process?

Back 18

1. Trenches

2. Continental Volcanic Arcs

Front 19

Is the sea floor being created or destroyed at an O-C Convergent boundary? Why

Back 19

It is being destroyed because during the subduction process, part of the ocean floor is being pushed under and into the mantle where it is then recycled and ultimately disappears.

Front 20

What is a geographical example of an O-O convergent boundary?

Back 20

Alaska/Aleutian Islands

Front 21

What is the tectonic process of O-O Divergent boundaries?

Back 21

Subduction

Front 22

What is a feature that results from O-O subduction?

Back 22

Volcanic Island Arc's

Front 23

Is the Sea floor being destroyed or created at an O-O Convergent boundary?

Back 23

Destroyed

Front 24

Give a geographic example of a C-C Convergent boundary.

Back 24

Asia

Front 25

What is the tectonic process of a C-C convergent zone?

Back 25

Collision

Front 26

Does subduction occur at a C-C Convergent zone?

Back 26

No

Front 27

What is a feature that results from the collision process?

Back 27

Mountains (e.g. Himalaya's)

Front 28

Is the sea floor being created or destroyed at a C-C Convergent zone?

Back 28

Neither. In this sense, we are only dealing with continents which has no effect on the sea floor.

Front 29

What is the motion of Transform boundaries?

Back 29

Sliding (v^)

Front 30

What forces are involved in Transform boundaries?

Back 30

Shearing

Front 31

Give a geographic example of a C-C Transform boundary.

Back 31

The San Andreas Fault

Front 32

What is the tectonic process of a C-C Transform boundary?

Back 32

Transform Faulting

Front 33

List three features that result from Transform faulting.

Back 33

1. San Andrea Fault

2. Hills

3. Vallies

Front 34

Is the sea floor being created or destroyed at a C-C transform boundary?

Back 34

Neither. In this sense, we are only dealing with continents which has no effect on the sea floor.

Front 35

What does it mean if a continental margin (coast line) is considered "active"?

Back 35

The margin sits along a plate boundary of any type.

Front 36

What does is mean if a continental margin (coast line) is considered "passive"?

Back 36

The margin is not near a plate boundary of any type.

Front 37

What is the Continental Shelf?

Back 37

The part of the ocean that you swim/surf in (the beach).

Front 38

What is the Slope?

Back 38

The part that descends into the deep sea

Front 39

What are some characteristics of a Submarine Canyon?

Back 39

Narrow, deep, v-shaped

Front 40

What are Turbidity Currents?

Back 40

Underwater avalanches

Front 41

What results from Turbidity Currents?

Back 41

The Continental Slope

Front 42

How is the continental rise formed?

Back 42

A collection of debris that came from the underwater avalanches/turbidity currents.

Front 43

List the Earth's layers from outside to inside.

Back 43

1. Crust

2. Mantle

3. Core

4. Inner Core

Front 44

List the Physical Properties of Earths layers (the sphere's) from outside to inside.

Back 44

1. Atmosphere

2. Hydrosphere

3. Lithosphere

4. Asthenosphere

5. Mesosphere

Front 45

List the characteristics of the Asthenosphere.

Back 45

Solid but plastic (ability to move and shift around)

Front 46

List some characteristics of the Lithosphere.

Back 46

-Avg. 60 miles thick

-Rigid, brittle, thin layer of rock

-Part of the crust & upper mantle

-Essentially a solid

Front 47

Does the Earth's crust have high or low density?

Back 47

Low

Front 48

Does the Earth's core have high or low density?

Back 48

High

Front 49

What is density?

Back 49

Mass per unit volume. (i.e. how heavy is something for its size?)

Front 50

About how much of our Earth's surface is covered by oceans?

Back 50

71%

Front 51

Rank the sizes of the oceans in order from largest to smallest.

Back 51

1. Pacific

2. Atlantic

3. Indian

4. Arctic

Front 52

What is the average depth of oceans?

Back 52

3,682 meters/12,080 feet

Front 53

What is "Partial Melting"?

Back 53

When the plates move it can result in higher temperature, or lower pressure, which results in the rocks melting.

Front 54

What are the 3 main differences between a sea and an ocean?

Back 54

The sea is:

- Smaller and shallower

- Not salt water

- Enclosed by land

Front 55

What is the Age of Discovery?

Back 55

- 30 yr period

- Europeans explored N. and S. America

- Globe was circumnavigated for the first time

- Discovered vastly different cultures

Front 56

What are the four steps of the Scientific Method?

Back 56

Observation, Hypothesis, Testing, Theory

Front 57

What is Density?

Back 57

Mass per unit volume (i.e. how heavy something is for its size)

Front 58

What is Isostatic Adjustment?

Back 58

The vertical movement of crust resulting from the buoyancy of Earth's lithosphere as it floats on the asthenosphere