Oceanography Midterm #2

Front 1

Water Composition

Back 1

1 Oxygen
2 Hydrogen

Front 2

Dipolar Molecule

Back 2

~Net positive and negative charges
~Magnet-like- repels and attracts other charged particles

Front 3

Surface Tension

Back 3

Dipolar molecule attracting other H2Os

Front 4

Heat Capacity

Back 4

~Amount of heat (energy) required to raise 1 gram of a substance 1oC
~Measured in calories

Front 5

Temperature

Back 5

Measure of how rapid molecules vibrate

Front 6

Heat capacity of pure water

Back 6

~1 calorie
~All other substances can be compared to pure water

Front 7

Sand heat capacity

Back 7

~0.2 calorie
~It takes 5 times more (5x0.2=1) energy to raise the temperature of a certain mass of water than it does to raise the temperature of an equal mass of sand

Front 8

Density

Back 8

~Mass per unit volume
~Maximum density of water occurs at 3.98oC and is defined as 1g/cm^3

Front 9

Freezing

Back 9

~Most objects freeze = INCREASE in density (liquid to solid)
~Water has a DECREASE in density
~Ice will flow on water

Front 10

Water freezing

Back 10

~Water molecules realign to form rigid hydrogen bonds and a hexagonal crystal lattice
~Water expands by 9% when it freezes

Front 11

Evaporation

Back 11

Breaking the non-ridged hydrogen bonds that cause the cohesiveness of water

Front 12

Salt water evaporation

Back 12

More slow than pure water because molecules adhere to salt ions

Front 13

Salinity

Back 13

Amount of dissolved solids in water

Front 14

Seawater salinity

Back 14

~Average 3.5%
~35g dissolved salts/kg of water = 35 ppt

Front 15

Pure water salinity

Back 15

Average 96.5%

Front 16

Salts in seawater

Back 16

~Charged particles
~Interact with dipolar water molecules