Oceanography Chapter 5

Front 1

Conversion of sediment into sedimentary rock by pressure or by the introduction of a mineral cement.

Back 1

lithification

Front 2

Solid mass of hydrogenous sediment, most commonly manganese or ferromanganese nodules and phosphorite nodules.

Back 2

nodule

Front 3

Deposit formed by the evaporation of ocean water.

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evaporite

Front 4

Ooze composed mostly of the hard remains of silica-containing organisms.

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siliceous ooze

Front 5

Sediments of oceanic origin.

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pelagic sediment

Front 6

The zone of open water near shore, over the continental shelf.

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neritic zone

Front 7

Sampling device used to take shallow samples of the ocean bottom.

Back 7

clamshell sampler

Front 8

Sediment of biological origin. Organisms can deposit calcareous (calcium containing) or siliceous (silicon-containing) residue.

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biogenous sediment

Front 9

Ooze composed mostly of the hard remains of calcium-carbonate-containing organisms.

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calcareous ooze

Front 10

The depth at which the rate of accumulation of calcareous sediments equals the rate of dissolution of those sediments. Below this depth, sediment contains little or no calcium carbonate.

Back 10

calcium carbonate compensation depth:

Front 11

A naturally occurring inorganic crystalline material with a specific chemical composition and structure

Back 11

mineral

Front 12

One of a group of planktonic amoebae-like animals with a calcareous shell which contributes to biogenous sediments.

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foraminiferan

Front 13

Sediment derived from the land and transported to the ocean by wind and flowing water

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terrigenous sediment

Front 14

Sediment formed directly by precipitation from seawater. Also called hydrogenous sediment.

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authigenic sediment

Front 15

Sediment of extraterrestrial origin.

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cosmogenous sediment

Front 16

The branch of geology concerned with the composition, origin, and areal and age relationships of stratified rocks.

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stratigraphy

Front 17

Sediment formed directly by precipitation from seawater. Also called authigenic sediment.

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hydrogenous sediment

Front 18

The Earth's most abundant, successful, and efficient single-celled phytoplankton. Diatoms possess two interlocking valves made primarily of silica. The valves contribute to biogenous sediments.

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diatom

Front 19

Hydrogenous sediments formed when calcium carbonate precipitates from warmed seawater as pH rises, forming rounded grains around a shell fragment or other particle.

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oolite sands

Front 20

A terrigenous sediment deposited by a turbidity current; typically, coarse-grained layers of nearshore origin interleaved with finer sediments.

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turbidite

Front 21

The study of the ocean's past.

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paleoceanography:

Front 22

Sediment particle between 0.004 and 0.062 millimeter in diameter.

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silt

Front 23

Sediment of at least 30% biological origin.

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ooze

Front 24

Particles of organic or inorganic matter that accumulate in a loose, unconsolidated form.

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sediment

Front 25

Small planktonic mollusk with a calcareous shell, which contributes to biogenous sediments.

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pteropod

Front 26

A sediment in which particles of many sizes are found.

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poorly sorted sediment

Front 27

A seabed-sampling device capable of punching through up to 25 meters (80 feet) of sediment and returning an intact plug of material.

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piston corer

Front 28

Sediment particle smaller than 0.004 millimeter in diameter; the smallest sediment size category.

Back 28

clay

Front 29

A sediment in which particles are of uniform size.

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well-sorted sediment

Front 30

One of a group of usually planktonic amoebae-like animals with a siliceous shell, which contributes to biogenous sediments.

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radiolarian

Front 31

Sediment particle between 0.062 and 2 millimeters in diameter

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sand

Front 32

A supposed living slime - primordial ooze - discovered by Thomas Henry Huxley in 1868. He believed that this animal jelly carpeted the deep floor of the ocean.

Back 32

bathybius

Front 33

A very small planktonic alga carrying discs of calcium carbonate, which contributes to biogenous sediments.

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coccolithophore