Ocean Final Ch2,ch10

Front 1

The section of the coast that is exposed at lowtide and submerged at high tide is called the ________.

Back 1

B)Foreshore

Front 2

The section of the coast that extends fromnormal high tide level to the highest elevation on land that is affected bystorm waves is called the ________.

Back 2

A) backshore

Front 3

Which of the following would you expect to findon a summertime beach?

Back 3

C) A wide, sandy berm

Front 4

Sediment is supplied to the coastal zone by________.

Back 4

D) All of the above are sources of sediment inthe coastal zone.

Front 5

Eroded material is carried along coastlines fromhigh-energy wave areas to ________.

Back 5

B) low-energy wave areas

Front 6

Which of the following is found at adepositional shore?

Back 6

A) Headlands

Front 7

Narrow currents flowing across the surf zonetoward the open ocean are called ________.

Back 7

C) rip currents

Front 8

A linear ridge of sediment attached to land atone end might be called a ________.

Back 8

D) spit

Front 9

Large deposits of sediment at the mouths ofrivers are called ________.

Back 9

D) deltas

Front 10

Isostatic movement of a coastline might occurdue to ________.

Back 10

C) the removal of a large glacier that rested inthat area

Front 11

Eustatic changes in sea level might include________.

Back 11

A) increased glacial melting due to the globalwarming

Front 12

Which of the following is designed to prevent orretard shoreline erosion?

Back 12

D) All of these are used to try to prevent orretard shoreline erosion.

Front 13

Which of the following is an example of hardstabilization?

Back 13

A) Seawalls

Front 14

The zone extends inland from the shore to as faras ocean-related features can be found is known as the ________.

Back 14

B) coast

Front 15

An estuary formed from a flooded glacial valleyis called a ________.

Back 15

C) fjord

Front 16

One major problem associated with the ChesapeakeBay due to increased human pressure is ________.

Back 16

B) an increase in nutrients resulting in morefrequent kills of bottom-dwelling or benthic animals

Front 17

Which of the following features is characteristicof an emerging shoreline?

Back 17

C) Marine terrace

Front 18

Which of the following features ischaracteristic of a submerging shoreline?

Back 18

B) Drowned beach

Front 19

Which of the following can help prevent beachstarvation?

Back 19

B) Damming a river

Front 20

The boundary between the shore and the coast isknown as the ________.

Back 20

B) coastline

Front 21

The part of the shore that is above the hightide shoreline and is covered with water only during storms is known as the________.

Back 21

A) backshore

Front 22

The part of the shore that is exposed at lowtide and submerged at high tide is known as the ________.

Back 22

B) foreshore

Front 23

CH2

Back 23

CH2

Front 24

The first person to advance the idea of mobile continents or continental drift was ________.

Back 24

C) Alfred Wegener

Front 25

Which of the following was not used as evidence for continental drift?

Back 25

E) Paleomagnetic reversals

Front 26

Fossils of ancient polar plants are currently found near the equator because the ________.

Back 26

B) plants lived near the poles, but landmasses have drifted to current locations

Front 27

Wegener used which of the following to provide evidence for continental drift?

Back 27

E) Shape of continental margins

Front 28

Frederick Vine and Drummond Matthews determined that new ocean floor was being producedat ocean ridges by examining ________.

Back 28

E) the magnetic pattern of rocks on the seafloor

Front 29

The seafloor magnetic pattern is best described as ________.

Back 29

B) parallel to and symmetric about mid-ocean ridges

Front 30

Which of the following statements is TRUE of the lithosphere?

Back 30

D) The lithosphere is composed of the crust and the uppermost portion of the mantle

Front 31

Tectonic plates are pieces of the ________ that float on the more fluid ________ below.

Back 31

C) submarine canyons

Front 32

Which of the following is characteristic of oceanic-continental convergent plate boundaries?

Back 32

A) Andesitic volcanoes

Front 33

Which of the following is characteristic of continental-continental convergent plate boundaries?

Back 33

E) Fracture zones

Front 34

The San Andreas Fault ________.

Back 34

A) is a continental transform fault

Front 35

The study of historical changes of continental shapes and positions is called ________.

Back 35

D) paleogeography

Front 36

Tectonic plates move about as fast as ________.

Back 36

B) a river flows I THIS SO

Front 37

Which of the following rocks is the most reliable one used to collect information about Earth'smagnetic field where and when the rock originated?

Back 37

A) Basalt

Front 38

Which of the following is the most convincing piece of evidence set forth to support the conceptof sea floor spreading?

Back 38

C) The mid-ocean ridge rises more than 2.5 kilometers above the surrounding deep-ocean floor.

Front 39

Based on the Theory of Plate Tectonics, you would expect to find ________ heat flow at themid-ocean ridge and ________ heat flow at subduction zones when compared to other parts ofthe crust.

Back 39

C) increased; decreased

Front 40

Which of the following is an example of an oceanic-oceanic divergent plate boundary?

Back 40

D) Red Sea

Front 41

The Peru Chile Trench is an example of ________ plate boundary.

Back 41

A) a continental-continental convergent

Front 42

The Mariana Trench is an example of ________ plate boundary.

Back 42

C) an oceanic-continental convergent

Front 43

Be able to draw a picture of Earth's interior inside a triangle (see yournotes!), along with their compositions, and physical properties. Label the drawing with some notes (just likein the class!).

Back 43

Front 44

Why are Earth's interior still hot today, and list two lines of evidencethat heat energy is transferring from the interior to the exterior of our planet?

Back 44

Theinterior of Earth is hot because of a process called radioactive decay. Certainelements found in Earth are unstable. Through time, an atom of these elementswill "kick out" or "lose" protons or neutrons. (Rememberthat atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons.) This changeproduces energy in the form of heat. Uranium is one element that undergoesradioactive decay to produce heat in the Earth.

Front 45

Continental drift hypothesis and plate tectonics theory are very similar inmany respects, but scientists ultimately rejected continental drift hypothesiswhereas most earth scientist as an excellent explanation for how Earth worksaccepts plate tectonics theory. What is the main difference betweenthese two ideas?

Back 45

Continental Drift and Plate-Tectonics Theory. According to the theory of continentaldrift, the world was made up of a single continent through most ofgeologic time. That continent eventually separated and drifted apart, forminginto the seven continents wehave today.

Front 46

What is seafloor spreading; where isit happening today and what evidence can you cite to support this process?

Back 46

Sea floor spreading is a process that occurs at mid-ocean ridges, where new oceanic crust isformed through volcanic activity andthen gradually moves away from the ridge. Seafloor spreading helps explain continental drift inthe theory of plate tectonics. When oceanicplates diverge, tensional stress causes fractures to occur in the lithosphere. Basaltic magma risesup the fractures and cools on the ocean floor to form new sea floor.

Front 47

How do geologists identify the edges of the plates, and whatis the most reliable indicator of the location of a plate boundary?

Back 47

1. Earthquakes 2. Volcanic eruptions 3. Mountain ranges 4. Trenches and fracture zones on theocean floor.

Front 48

Be able to make labeled sketches (cartoons) of divergent, transform, andconvergent plate boundaries (with arrow direction), and give an example ofeach.

Back 48

Front 49

Briefly describe differences between summertimeand wintertime beaches and explain why these differences occur.

Back 49

Summerbeaches: light waves, sand moves landward, wide berm, causes build up of sandWinter beaches: stronger waves, sand movesseaward, offshore bars (beaches have less sand b/c it has eroded

Front 50

What is longshore drift and how is it related toa longshore current?

Back 50

longshoredrift is movement of sediment in a zig zag fashin. It is caused by thelongshore current. Longshore current is what is moving the water andsediment

Front 51

Compare and contrast erosional coasts anddepositional coasts.

Back 51

Erosional coast are newcoast that dominant properties remove coastal material, depositional coasts arethe older ones.

Front 52

Distinguish between an emerging shoreline and asubmerging shoreline

Back 52

Provides evidence, as doother sorts of deposits, of shoreline that once existed above it's currentposition. Exist on marine terrace.

Front 53

Describe the types of hard stabilization andwhat each is intended to do.

Back 53

roin-trap sand moving along coast in longshore transportjetty- protect harbor entrances from waves andtrap sand migrated eastward across coastbreakwater- break waves and create a harbor,accumulates sand, parallel to beachseawall- armor the coastline