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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) - definition
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fast-growing cancer of a type of white blood cells called lymphocytes.
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ALL is most common in?
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* children
* Most common malignancy in children |
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Risk factor for ALL in children?
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Smoking around them
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Common features of ALL/AML/CLL?
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* Ill for only a few days or weeks.
* Bleeding may occur in skin/mucosal surfaces/gingival surfaces/epitaxis/menorrhagia * Increased risk of infection * Gum hypertrophy or bone/joint pain |
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Increased risk of infection in ALL/AML/CLL may present as? from?
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* E. Coli, K. pseudo, or fungi
* presenting as rapid life threatening cellulitis, perirectal infection or pneumonia |
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ALL/AML - PE?
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* Pallor, Purpura and petechiae
* Variable enlargement of liver, spleen and lymph nodes * Possible bone tenderness in sternum, tibia and femur |
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Hallmark of ALL?
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pan cytopenia with circulating blasts
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Lab findings in ALL?
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* Hallmark: Pan cytopenia w/ circulating blasts
* Mediastinal Mass on CXR * Anemia and thrombocytopenia w/o reticulocytosis * Aleukemic is always acute |
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Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
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cancer that starts inside bone marrow. Cancer grows from cells that normally turn into white blood cells.
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AML is most common in?
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* Adults
* Most common leukemia in adults |
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Lab findings AML?
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* Hallmark= pan cytopenia with circulating blasts
* Auer rods pathognomic for AML * Packed marrow: dry tap * |
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Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
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• “Small Cleaved Lymphoma” same disease at different stages.
• Clonal malignancy of B cells |
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Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia is MC in?
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• middle aged adults (50’s and 70’s)
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CLL - Hallmark?
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isolated lymphocytosis Co expression of CD19 and CD5
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What cell type is common in CLL?
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Smudge Cells
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Definition of "B symptoms"?
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weakness, night sweats, weight loss, repeated infections, symptomatic anemia
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CLL - PE?
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* abdominal fullness caused by splenomegaly
* common findings of AML/ALL/CLL * "B symptoms" * symptoms of CLL develop gradually * Rare: blurred visions, respiratory distress, |
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Laboratory Hallmark findings in CLL?
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* isolated lymphocytosis, with a leukocytosis of greater than 20,000 cells/mL
* leukocytosis, with a median WBC count of 150,000 cells/mL. * large granular lymphocyctic syndrome (B-type) * Philadelphia chromosome |
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Treatment is withheld/given under what conditions for CLL?
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Treat if have B symptoms but if ("A symptoms") not can just observe
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Chronic Myeloid Leukemia - Def?
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myeloproliferative disorder that starts inside bone marrow. Overproduction of myeloid cells
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What is the avg age of onset for CML?
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* Median age onset is 67 years old
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What is a hallmark of CML?
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Philadelphia chromosome: BCR/ABL gene codes for Tyrosine Kinase that induces unregulated production of mature myeloid cells
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What are the three phases of CML?
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1) chronic
2) accelerated 3) acute (blast crisis, defined as 30% blast cells in the blood or bone marrow). * inevitably becomes acute. |
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CML - PE
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• Spleen is enlarged
• Sternal tenderness may be present • Often asymptomatic |
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Lab Findings of CML
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• Elevated WBC- 150,000/mcl
• Normal hematocrit, RBC normal, (-) anemic • Platelet normal/elevated • Presence of bcr/oabl gene detected by PCR test= hallmark aka Philadelphia chromosome |
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CML - Tx
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Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Dasatinib – Sprycel *** drug of choice
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