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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
latent phase
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what is the first phase of the first stage of labor?
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the sac containing the amniotic fluid breaks, contractions are becoming more frequent (5-20 minutes), the cervix dilates 3-4cm and effaces
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what happens in the latent phase of stage one?
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latent phase
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what is the longest and least intense phase of labor?
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4-24 hours
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how long does latent phase last?
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active phase
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what is the second phase of the first stage?
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dilation of the cervix 4-7 cm, contractions longer, more severe, and more frequent (3-4 minutes apart)
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what happens in active phase?
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transition phase
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what is the last phase of the first stage called?
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cervix dilates 8-10 cm, contractions very strong (60-90 seconds apart every few minutes)
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what happens in transition phase?
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active and transition
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what phases in stage one are the shortest?
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the delivery
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what is stage 2 called?
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when the cervix is completely opened and ends with the delivery of the baby
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how does the delivery begin and end?
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pushing stage
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what is another name for the delivery stage?
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crowning
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what is it called when the baby's head is visible at the opening of the vagina?
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30 minutes to 2 hours
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how long does the delivery take for a woman's first pregnancy?
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15-30 minutes
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how many minutes are between stage 2 and 3 of labor?
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delivery of the placenta
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what is the name for stage 3?
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heart rate, breathing, muscle tone, the ability to react to a stimulus by moving and crying, and skin color
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what 5 things does the Apgar score check?
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Ectopic pregnancy
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the blastocyst forms and becomes implanted in the fallopian tube
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miscarriage
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is the expulsion of a dead zygote, blastocyst, embryo, or fetus from the uterus
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stillbirth
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is the birth of a dead, full-term fetus
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25%
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what percentage of babies born in the US are from a cesarean section?
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1 hour
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how long does a cesarean section take to complete?
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premature birth
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this occurs early in the third trimester. The fetus's lungs are not fully developed, so it cannot breathe by itself
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fraternal twins
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2 eggs fertilized by 2 sperm, different sets of chromosomes, may or may not be the same sex
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identical twins
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already fertilized egg divides into 2,3, or 4, same sex, same blood type, and share the same placenta
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conjoined or Siamese twins
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fertilized egg splits after the 8th day, joined together by a body part, may or may not be separated after birth
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c section
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what is another name for a cesarean section?
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cesarean section
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what is a surgical method of birth?
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0-2
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how is the Apgar score graded for each area?
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Describe 1st stage of labor
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from onset of labor to complete cervical dilation (10cm)
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Describe 2nd stage of labor
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from complete cervical dilation to delivery of infant
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Describe 3rd stage of labor
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from delivery of infant to delivery of placenta
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Describe latent phase of 1st stage of labor
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from onset of labor to 4cm cervical dilation
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Describe active phase of 1st stage of labor
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from 4cm cervical dilation to complete cervical dilation (10cm)
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Duration latent phase
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primi 6-11 hrs; multi 4-8 hrs
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Duration active phase
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primi 4-6 hrs; multi 2-3 hrs
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Duration second stage
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primi 0.5-3.0 hrs; multi 5-30 min
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Duration third stage
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primi/multi 0-0.5 hrs
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Prolongation of latent phase
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seen with excessive sedation and hypertonic uterine contractions
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Prolongation of active phase
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seen with cephalopelvic disproportion
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During what stage does the baby go through all 3 cardinal movements of labor?
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second stage
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stage one- cervical dilation
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begins with onset of regular uterine contractions and ends when the cervical opening is fully dilated
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stage two- expulsion
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extends from end of the first stage until the baby is completely expelled
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stage three- placental
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extends from birth of the child until all of the afterbirth is expelled
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postpartum stages
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hour or two after delivery that uterine tone is established
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post-
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is a prefix meaning after
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effacement
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shortening and thinning of the cervix during labor
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neonatal
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care of a newborn for the 1st 28 days
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neonate
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newborn child
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neo
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is a prefix meaning new
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extra or ect/o
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prefixes meaning situated on or outside
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extrauterine
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outside the uterus
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ectopic pregnancy
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occurs when the egg is fertilized outside the uterus (egg implants in a uterine tube) (test tube baby)
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-centesis
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suffix meaning surgical puncture
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amniocentesis
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surgical puncture of the amnion releasing amniotic fluid
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Cause of accelerations
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fetal movements
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Cause of early decelerations
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head compression from the uterine contraction (normal)
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Cause of late decelerations
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uteroplacental insufficiency and fetal hypoxia
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Cause of variable decelerations
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umbilical cord compression (most often due to oligohydramnios)
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Causes of bradycardia
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1) congenital heart malformations, 2) severe hypoxia (due to uterine hyperstimulation, cord prolapse, rapid fetal descent)
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Causes of tachycardia
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1) hypoxia, 2) maternal fever, 3) anemia
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Definition fetal bradycardia
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<110 bpm
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Definition fetal tachycardia
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>160 bpm
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Definition early deceleration
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gradual (onset to nadir in >30s) decrease in FHR with return to baseline that MIRRORS uterine contraction
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Definition late deceleration
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gradual (onset to nadir in >30s) decrease in FHR with return to baseline that begins and ends after uterine contraction
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Definition variable deceleration
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abrupt (onset to nadir in <30s) decrease in FHR below baseline lasting >15s but <2min
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Average time to perceive 10 fetal movements during third TM
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20 minutes
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Definition reactive NST
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(normal response) 2 accelerations of >15bpm above baseline for >15s over 20 minute period
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Definition nonreactive NST
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<2 accelerations over a 20 min period
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4 causes of nonreactive NST
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1) GA <32 wks, 2) fetal sleeping, 3) fetal CNS anomalies, 4) maternal sedative or narcotic administration
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5 parameters of a biophysical profile (BPP)
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Test the Baby, MAN! 1) fetal Tone, 2) Breathing, 3) Movement, 4) Amniotic fluid volume, 5) NST
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Reassuring BPP score
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8-10
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Equivocal BPP score
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6
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Worrisome BPP score
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0-4
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Definition of modified BPP (mBPP)
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combines NST with amniotic fluid index (AFI)
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Normal mBPP
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reactive NST with AFI >5cm
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Definition oligohydramnios
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AFI<5cm
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