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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are risk factors for preterm birth? Need 9.
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1. Previous preterm birth
2. Second-trimester abortions 3. Repeated first-trimester abortions 4. First-trimester bleeding 5. UTI, including BV 6. Multiple gestation 7. uterine anomalies 8. polyhydramnios 9. incompetent cervix |
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What is fetal fibronectin?
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Test for fibronectin from fetal membranes; if positive, predicts 50% of preterm births
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How is preterm labor diagnosed?
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1. Documented uterine contractions (4 per 20 minutes)
2. Documented cervical change (effacement > 80% or dilation >= 2cm) |
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What are the fetal side effects of indomethacin therapy for preterm labor?
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1. premature closure of ductus arteriosus
2. fetal pulm HTN 3. decreased renal function 4. necrotizing enterocolitis 5. intracranial hemorrhage |
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Contraindications for tocolysis? Need 5.
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1. severe preeclampsia
2. severe bleeding from placenta previa or abruptio placentae 3. chorioamnionitis 4. IUGR 5. IUFD |
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What is the definition of IUGR?
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1. intrauterine growth restriction
2. birth weight below 10th percentile for given gestational age |
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What sonographic parameter is most reliable for diagnosis of IUGR?
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abdominal circumference
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What are the 2 preinvasive neoplastic diseases of the vulva? What other disease is on the DDx?
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1. Paget's and VIN
2. Melanoma |
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What is the main associated disease with Pagets?
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Adenocarcinoma w/ mets
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Clinical s/s of Pagets?
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1. Pruritis
2. Velvety red lesions 3. White plaques 4. Age over 60 typically |
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Treatment of Pagets?
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Excision with WIDE margins; high recurrence rate; lethal if it spreads to nodes
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What 2 diseases are associated with VIN?
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1. Adenocarcinoma
2. CIN |
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Risk factors for VIN?
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1. smoking
2. immunocompromised state 3. obesity 4. chronic HTN 5. HPV 16 and 18 |
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Difference in VIN in young vs old pts?
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Young: aggressive, multifocal lesions
Old: single lesions, slow to invade |
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Clinical s/s of VIN?
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Up to 50% of pts asymptomatic. Pruritic/irritated skin.
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Treatment of VIN?
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Wide local excision
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What is the most common type of vulvar cancer?
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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Risk factors for vulvar cancer?
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1. DM
2. HTN 3. Obesity 4. Poor personal hygiene, including infections |
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S/S of vulvar cancer?
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1. Pruritis
2. Pain 3. Bleeding 4. Vulvar mass |
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What effect is a mandatory presumption or a presumption that shifts the burden of proof to Δ?
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A mandatory presumption or a presumption that shifts the burden of proof to defendant violates the 14th’s requirement that the state prove every element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.
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What is included in the 2nd trimester triple screen? Quad screen?
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1. AFP
2. beta hCG 3. estriol 4. inhibin A |
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Definition of labor, strictly?
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Regular uterine contractions with cervical change
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What are 4 methods of inducing labor?
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1. prostaglandins
2. Pitocin 3. Mechanical dilation 4. Artificial ROM |
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What are 5 common indications for induction of labor?
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1. postterm pregnancy
2. preeclampsia 3. PROM 4. nonreassuring NST 5. IUGR |
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DDx for fetal tachycardia?
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1. Infection
2. Hypoxia 3. Anemia |
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Physiology behind early decels?
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Increased vagal tone 2/2 head compression during contraction
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Physiology behind variable decels?
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Compression of umbilical cord
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Physiology behind late decels?
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Uteroplacental insufficiency
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