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235 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Loss of pregnancy before the fetus is viable outside the uterus; miscarriage. |
Abortion
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Premature separation of a normally positioned placenta in a pregnancy of at least 20 weeks' gestation either before labor or during labor but before delivery. This serious complication of pregnancy, occurring in one of every 200 births and often resulting in hemorrhage, may lead to the death of the mother, the fetus, or both. Also called ablatio placentae, accidental hemorrhage.
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Abruptio Placentae
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Periodic increases in the baseline fetal heart rate.
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Accelerations
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The process by which people adapt to a new cultural norm.
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Acculturation
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Cyanosis of the extremities.
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Acrocyanosis
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Breakdown of the hyaluronic acid in the corona radiata by enzymes from the heads of sperm; allows one spermatozoon to penetrate the ovum zona pellucida.
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Acrosomal reaction
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Formation of antibodies by the pregnant woman in response to illness or immunization.
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Active acquired immunity
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Medical protocol for augmentation of labor that includes (1) a strict criterion for labor admission, (2) early amniotomy, (3) high-dose oxytocin infusion for inefficient labor contractions, and (4) a commitment to provision of continuous nursing care.
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Active management of labor (AMOL)
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Cramplike pains due to contractions of the uterus that occur after childbirth. They are more common in multiparas, tend to be most severe during nursing, and last 2 to 3 days.
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Afterpains
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Birth defects and cognitive difficulties occurring in infants born to mothers who drink.
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Alcohol-related birth defect (ARBD)
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A fetal protein produced in the yolk sac for the first 6 weeks of gestation and then by the fetal liver.
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Alpha fetoprotein (AFP)
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The absence or cessation of menstruation. Except in preadolescents and in pregnant and postmenopausal women, amenorrhea may reflect dysfunction of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovary, or uterus; congenital absence or surgical removal of both ovaries or the uterus; or an adverse effect of medication.
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Amenorrhea
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Withdrawal of a sample of amniotic fluid by transabdominal puncture and needle aspiration, usually performed during the fifth month of pregnancy to detect such genetic disorders as Down syndrome, neural tube defects, and Tay-Sachs disease; if the clinician suspects sex-linked genetic defects, the procedure may be done to determine fetal gender.
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Amniocentesis
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Procedure used to infuse a sterile fluid (such as normal saline) through an intrauterine catheter into the uterus in an attempt to increase the fluid around the umbilical cord to decrease or prevent cord compression during labor contractions; also used to dilute thick meconium-stained amniotic fluid.
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Amnioinfusion
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The inner of the two membranes that form the sac containing the fetus and the amniotic fluid.
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Amnion
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The liquid surrounding the fetus in utero. It absorbs shocks, permits fetal movement, and prevents heat loss.
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Amniotic fluid
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Amniotic fluid that has leaked into the chorionic plate and entered the maternal circulation.
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Amniotic fluid embolism
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A method of reporting fluid volume. The AFI is calculated by dividing the maternal abdomen into four quadrants with the umbilicus as the reference point. Then, the deepest vertical pocket is measured. These measurements are summed to calculate the AFI.
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Amniotic fluid index (AFI)
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The artificial rupturing of the amniotic membrane.
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Amniotomy
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The outer two-thirds of the fallopian tube; fertilization of the ovum by a spermatozoon usually occurs here.
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Ampulla
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Vascular spiders on the neck and thorax
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Angiomas
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Loss of appetite.
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Anorexia
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An eating disorder, most common among adolescent girls, that is characterized by an aversion to eating, a morbid fear of becoming obese despite significant weight loss, a disturbed body image that results in a feeling of being fat even when extremely thin, and amenorrhea (in females).
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Anorexia nervosa
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Time between conception and the onset of labor; usually used to describe the period during which a woman is pregnant.
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Antepartum
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A numerical evaluation of a neonate's condition in which a rating of 0, 1, or 2 is assigned to each of five criteria: heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex responses, and skin color. The five scores are then combined: A score of 7 to 10 is considered normal, 4 to 7 indicates moderate distress, and 3 or less indicates acute distress. The Apgar score is usually obtained at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth.
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Apgar score
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Pigmented ring surrounding the nipple of the breast.
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Areola
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Occurs when a group completely changes their cultural identity to become part of the majority culture.
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Assimilation
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Chromosomes that are not a sex chromosome.
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Autosomes
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the classical system of Hindu medicine. Ayurveda is the knowledge of how to live a vital, healthful life.
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Ayurveda
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Reflex found normally in infants under 6 months of age in which the great toe dorsiflexes when the sole of the foot is stimulated.
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Babinski reflex
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A bacterial infection of the vagina, formerly called Gardnerella vaginalis or Hemophilus vaginalis, characterized by a foul-smelling, grayish vaginal discharge that exhibits a characteristic fishy odor when 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) is added. Microscopic examination of a vaginal wet prep reveals the presence of "clue cells" (vaginal epithelial cells coated with gram-negative organisms).
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Bacterial vaginosis
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The membrane containing the amniotic fluid and the fetus.
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Bag of waters (BOW)
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A technique of palpation to detect or examine a floating object in the body. In obstetrics, the fetus, when pushed, floats away and then returns to touch the examiner's fingers. Fetal head rebounds with gentle, upward tapping through the vagina
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Ballottement
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Test designed to detect subluxation or dislocation of the hip. A dysplastic joint will be felt to be dislocated as the femur leaves the actabulum.
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Barlow's maneuver
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The lowest waking temperature.
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Basal body temperature (BBT)
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The average fetal heart rate observed during a 10-minute period of monitoring.
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Baseline rate
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Changes in the fetal heart rate that result from the interplay between the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems.
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Baseline variability
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a product of the trophoblast or placenta that is detected through serum testing and is a very accurate marker of the presence of pregnancy and placental health.
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Beta human chroionic gonadotropin (beta h CG)
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(BPP) Assessment of five variables in the fetus that help to evaluate fetal risk: breathing movement, body movement, tone, amniotic fluid volume, and fetal heart rate reactivity.
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Biophysical profile
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A written document prepared by the expectant parents that is used to identify available options in the birth setting.
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Birth plan
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Number of live births per 1000 population.
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Birth rate
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The inner solid mass of cells within the morula.
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Blastocyst
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Pink-tinged mucous secretions resulting from rupture of small capillaries as the cervix effaces and dilates.
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Bloody show
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The softening of the uterus due to inadequate contraction of the muscle tissue.
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Bogginess
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A term used to describe the uterine fundus when it is not firmly contracted after the birth of the baby and in the early postpartum period; excessive bleeding occurs from the placental site, and maternal hemorrhage may occur.
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Boggy uterus
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Light, painless, irregular uterine tightening during pregnancy, arising during the first trimester and increasing in frequency, duration, and intensity by the third trimester. Also called false labor. Strong Braxton Hicks contractions occurring near term may be mistaken for true labor. Uterine contractions that can be felt through the abdominal wall soon after the fourth month of pregnancy
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Braxton Hicks contraction
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A brief examination used to identify the infant's behavioral states and responses.
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Brazelton's Neonatal Behavioral Assessment
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Distention of the milk ducts and surrounding tissue as breast milk is formed, causing the breasts to become fuller, larger, and firmer.
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Breast Engorgement
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Chronic pulmonary disease of multifactorial etiology characterized initially by alveolar and bronchial necrosis, which results in bronchial metaplasia and interstitial fibrosis. Appears in x-ray films as generalized small, radiolucent cysts within the lungs.
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Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) chronic lung disease (CLD)
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Fat deposits in neonates that provide greater heat-generating activity than ordinary fat. Found around the kidneys, adrenals, and neck; between the scapulas; and behind the sternum. Also called brown fat.
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Brown adipose tissue (BAT)
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An eating disorder characterized by episodes of binge eating that may end in self-induced vomiting, alternating with periods of normal eating or fasting. Depression and awareness of the abnormal behavior are part of this illness.
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Bulimia
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Swelling or edema occurring in or under the fetal scalp during labor.
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Caput succedaneum
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The positional changes of the fetus as it moves through the birth canal during labor and birth. The positional changes are descent, flexion, internal rotation, extension, restitution, and external rotation.
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Cardinal movements
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Subcutaneous swelling containing blood found on the head of an infant several days after birth; it usually disappears within a few weeks to 2 months.
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Cephalhematoma
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A condition in which the fetal head is of such a shape or size, or in such a position, that it cannot pass through the maternal pelvis.
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Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD)
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Process in which the cervical os and the cervical canal widen from less than a centimeter to approximately 10 cm, allowing birth of the fetus.
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Cervical dilatation
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Softening of the cervix; occurs normally as a physiologic process prior to labor or is stimulated to occur through the process of induction of labor.
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Cervical ripening
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The "neck" between the external os and the body of the uterus. The lower end of the cervix extends into the vagina.
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Cervix
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Birth of fetus accomplished by performing a surgical incision through the maternal abdomen and uterus.
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Cesarean birth
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An objective change or probable sign of pregnancy, is a blue-purple discoloration of the cervix caused by increased vascularization of the uterus during pregnancy.
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Chadwick's sign
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Irritation of the mucous membrane lining of the eyelid; may be due to instillation of silver nitrate ophthalmic drops.
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Chemical conjunctivitis
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Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection in the United States.
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Chlamydial infection
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Brownish pigmentation over the bridge of the nose and the cheeks during pregnancy and in some women who are taking oral contraceptives. Also called mask of pregnancy.
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Chloasma (melasma gravidarum)
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The fetal membrane closest to the intrauterine wall that gives rise to the placenta and continues as the outer membrane surrounding the amnion.
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Chorion
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Procedure in which a specimen of the chorionic villi is obtained from the edge of the developing placenta at about 8 weeks' gestation. The sample can be used for chromosomal, enzyme, and DNA tests.
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Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
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The threadlike structures within the nucleus of a cell that carry the genes.
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Chromosomes
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The period of time that marks the cessation of a woman's reproductive function; the "change of life," or menopause.
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Climacteric
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A congenital foot deformity in which the foot is twisted out of shape or position.
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Clubfoot
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Excessive heat loss resulting in compensatory mechanisms (increased respirations and nonshivering thermogenesis) to maintain core body temperature. Neonate
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Cold stress
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Secretion from the breast before the onset of true lactation; contains mainly serum and white blood corpuscles. It has a high protein content, provides some immune properties, and cleanses the neonate's intestinal tract of mucus and meconium. Thick, creamy yellowish fluid expressed from nipples
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Colostrum
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Loss of heat to a cooler surface by direct skin contact.
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Conduction
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Postcesarean pain control technique in which the epidural catheter is left in place and medication is continually administered via an electric pump.
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Continuous epidural infusion (CEI)
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A method of assessing the reaction of the fetus to the stress of uterine contractions. This test may be utilized when contractions are occurring spontaneously or when contractions are artificially induced by oxytocin challenge test (OCT) or breast self-stimulation test (BSST).
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Contraction stress test (CST)
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Loss of heat from the warm body surface to cooler air currents.
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Convection
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A small yellow body that develops within a ruptured ovarian follicle; it secretes progesterone in the second half of the menstrual cycle and atrophies about 3 days before the beginning of menstrual flow. If pregnancy occurs, the corpus luteum continues to produce progesterone until the placenta takes over this function.
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Corpus luteum
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A family-centered approach for maternal-child nursing where both the mother and her baby are cared for by the same nurse, with the baby remaining at the mothers' bedside.
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Couplet care
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The experience of physical symptoms associated with pregnancy, such as nausea, vomiting, and backache, by the husband of a pregnant woman; the response often results from stress, anxiety, and empathy for the pregnant woman.
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Couvade
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An acute viral infection of the respiratory tract that causes acute upper airway obstruction. Characterized by stridor, a barking cough, and hoarseness, it primarily affects infants and young children ages 3 months to 3 years and follows an upper respiratory tract infection.
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Croup
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Appearance of the presenting part of the fetus at the perineum and seen when the vulva are separated.
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Crowning
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Defined as the beliefs, values, attitudes, and practices that are accepted by a population, community, or an individual.
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Culture
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A theory that postulates that battering takes place in a cyclic fashion through three phases: the tension-building phase, the acute battering incident, and the tranquil phase (honeymoon period).
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Cycle of violence
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found in the ovary, dark coloring of the contents of the cyst caused by the presence of old blood
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cystic lesion (chocolate cyst)
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The downward displacement of the bladder, which appears as a bulge in the anterior vaginal wall.
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Cystocele
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A drop in baseline fetal heart rate as indicated by the fetal monitor. Early deceleration is a drop in fetal heart rate that coincides with uterine contraction. Variable deceleration is a drop in fetal heart rate that doesn't occur at a consistent point during contractions. Prolonged deceleration is a drop in fetal heart rate that occurs for an extended period of time.
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Deceleration
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A flexible disk that covers the cervix to prevent pregnancy.
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Diaphragm
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Separation of the recti abdominis muscles along the median line. In women, it is seen with repeated childbirths or multiple gestations. In the newborn, it is usually caused by incomplete development.
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Diastasis recti abdominis
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Containing a set of maternal and a set of paternal chromosomes; in humans, the diploid number of chromosomes is 46.
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Diploid number of chromosomes
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A life-threatening disorder of excessive clot formation caused by overstimulation of the body's clotting and anticlotting processes in response to disease or injury. Such overstimulation is followed by a deficiency in clotting factors with hypocoagulability and hemorrhaging.
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disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
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A supportive companion who accompanies a laboring woman to provide emotional, physical, and informational support and acts as an advocate for the woman and her family.
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Doula
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A state in the infant sleep/awake cycles that occurs between light sleep and the quiet alert state and is marked by the infant opening and closing their eyes, but the eyes appear glazed and face is often still. They may return to sleep or awaken further in response to stimuli.
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Drowsy/awake state
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A communication channel between the main pulmonary artery and the aorta of the fetus. It is obliterated after birth by rising PO2 and changes in intravascular pressure in the presence of normal pulmonary functioning. It normally becomes a ligament after birth but sometimes remains patent (patent ductus arteriosus, a treatable condition).
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Ductus arteriosus
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A fetal blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood between the umbilical vein and the inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver; it becomes a ligament after birth.
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Ductus venosus
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The time length of each contraction, measured from the beginning of the increment to the completion of the decrement.
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Duration
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A condition characterized by anovulatory cycles with abnormal uterine bleeding that does not have a demonstrable organic cause.
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Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB)
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Painful menstruation.
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Dysmenorrhea
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Painful intercourse.
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Dyspareunia
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Difficult labor due to mechanical factors produced by the fetus or the maternal pelvis or due to inadequate uterine or other muscular activity.
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Dystocia
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Painful urination
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Dysuria
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Refers to adolescents who are age 14 and under.
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Early adolescence
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Periodic change in fetal heart rate pattern caused by head compression; deceleration has a uniform appearance and early onset in relation to maternal contraction.
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Early deceleration
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A loss of blood of greater than 500 mL following birth. The hemorrhage is classified as early if it occurs within the first 24 hours and late if it occurs after the first 24 hours.
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Early postpartal hemorrhage
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Defined as the occurrence of either seizure or coma associated with pregnancy and not caused by other neurologic disease.
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Eclampsia
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Outer layer of cells in the developing embryo that gives rise to the skin, nails, and hair.
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Ectoderm
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Implantation of the fertilized ovum outside the uterine cavity. Types of ectopic pregnancy are abdominal pregnancy, interstitial pregnancy, and tubal pregnancy; common sites are the abdomen, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. Also called oocyesis.
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Ectopic pregnancy
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Shortening of the vaginal portion of the cervix and thinning of its walls during labor due to stretching and dilation caused by the fetus. Full effacement obliterates the constrictive neck of the uterus. The extent of effacement is expressed as a percentage of full effacement.
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Effacement
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A light stroking movement of the fingertips over the abdominal area during labor; used to provide distraction during labor contractions.
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Effleurage
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A method of placing a fetal monitor on the fetus in order to obtain a continuous tracing of the FHR, which allows many characteristics of the fetal heart rate to be observed and evaluated.
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Electronic fetal monitoring (EFM)
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Minors who are legally considered to have assumed the rights of an adult. An adolescent may be considered emancipated if he or she is self-supporting and living away from home, married, pregnant, a parent, or in the military.
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Emancipated minors
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The early stage of development of the young of any organism. In humans the embryonic period is from about 2 to 8 weeks' gestation and is characterized by cellular differentiation and predominantly hyperplastic growth.
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Embryo
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The amnion and chorion.
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Embryonic membranes
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An assumed position in which one person looks at another and maintains his or her face in the same vertical plane as that of the other.
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En face
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The inner layer of cells in the developing embryo that give rise to internal organs such as the intestines.
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Endoderm
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Procedure provides information about the effects of progesterone produced by the corpus luteum after ovulation and endometrial receptivity.
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Endometrial biopsy
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Ectopic endometrium located outside the uterus in the pelvic cavity. Symptoms may include pelvic pain or pressure, dysmenorrhea, dispareunia, abnormal bleeding from the uterus or rectum, and sterility.
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Endometriosis
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The mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the uterus.
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Endometrium
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The entrance of the fetal presenting part into the superior pelvic strait and the beginning of the descent through the pelvic canal.
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Engagement
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Characteristic sense of absorption, preoccupation, and interest in the infant demonstrated by fathers during early contact with their infants.
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Engrossment
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Regional anesthesia effective through the first and second stages of labor.
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Epidural block
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Surgical incision into the perineum to enlarge the vaginal opening for delivery. It’s performed to prevent traumatic tearing of the perineum, to hasten or promote delivery, or to prevent stretching of perineal muscles and connective tissue.
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Episiotomy
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Small, white blebs found along the gum margins and at the junction of the hard and soft palates; commonly seen in the newborn as a normal manifestation.
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Epstein's pearls
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Red raised nodule on gums; leaves after brushing teeth
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Epulis (gingival granuloma gravidarum)
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Paralysis of the arm and chest wall as a result of a birth injury to the brachial plexus or a subsequent injury to the fifth and sixth cervical nerves.
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Erb-Duchenne paralysis (Erb's palsy)
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Innocuous pink papular rash of unknown cause with superimposed vesicles; it appears within 24 to 48 hours after birth and resolves spontaneously within a few days.
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Erythema toxicum
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Hemolytic anemia of the neonate caused by placental transmission of maternally formed antibodies against the incompatible antigens of fetal blood. It results from maternal-fetal blood group incompatibility, specifically involving the rhesus (Rh) factor and the ABO blood groups, and is characterized by accelerated destruction of red blood cells and resulting jaundice. In Rh factor incompatibility, the hemolytic reaction appears only when the mother is Rh-negative and the infant is Rh-positive. Isoimmunization rarely occurs with the first pregnancy, but the risk increases with each succeeding pregnancy.
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Erythroblastosis fetalis
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A congenital anomaly involving closure of the esophagus at some point, often ending in a blind pouch.
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Esophageal atresia
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(EDB) During a pregnancy, the approximate date when childbirth will occur; the "due date."
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Estimated date of birth
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An individual's belief that the values and practices of his or her own culture are the best ones.
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Ethnocentrism
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Loss of heat incurred when water on the skin surface is converted to a vapor.
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Evaporation
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An approach to problem-solving and decision making that is based on the consideration of data from research, statistical analysis, quality measures, risk management measurements, and other sources of reliable information.
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Evidence-based practice
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(ECV) Procedure involving external manipulation of the maternal abdomen to change the presentation of the fetus from breech to cephalic.
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External cephalic version
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Tubes that extend from the lateral angle of the uterus and terminate near the ovary; they serve as a passageway for the ovum from the ovary to the uterus and for the spermatozoa from the uterus toward the ovary. Also called oviducts and uterine tubes.
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Fallopian tubes
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The process by which a nurse collects data regarding a family's current level of functioning, support systems, sociocultural influences, home and work environment, type of family, family structure, and needs.
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Family assessment
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The changes that families experience over time, including changes in relationships, communication patterns, roles, and interactions.
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Family development
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A soft spot, such as the spaces covered by tough membranes remaining between the bones of an infant's skull.
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fontanel
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Spotting following cervical palpitation or intercourse
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Friability
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Pregnancy that has continued for a period of 38 to 42 weeks.
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full-term
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The base of an organ; the portion of a hollow organ farthest from its mouth, such as the fundus of the uterus.
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fundus
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Sound of fetal blood coursing through the umbilical cord; it is synchronous with the fetal heart rate
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Funic soufflé
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The development of diabetes during pregnancy, usually during the second trimester.
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gestational diabetes
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Failure of an embryo to develop beyond a primitive state due to proliferation and degeneration of the trophoblastic villi becoming filled with fluid and appearing as grape-sized vesicles Also called a hydatidiform mole, molar pregnancy.
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gestational trophoblastic disease
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Cervical to softened
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Goodell’s sign
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A woman who is pregnant
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Gravida
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Pregnancy
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Gravidity
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Enlargement and development of the mammary glands in men, usually temporary and benign.
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gynecomastia
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The biological marker on which pregnancy tests are based. If present in urine or serum results in a positive pregnancy test
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HCG
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Lower uterine segment is soft and compressible
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Hegar’s sign
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A usually benign neoplasm that occurs at the end of a degenerating pregnancy and arises from enlarged chorionic villi and the proliferation of trophoblastic tissue.
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hydatidiform mole
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Presence of an excess volume of amniotic fluid during pregnancy.
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hydramnios
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Severe and prolonged vomiting during pregnancy to such a degree that weight loss and an imbalance of fluids and electrolytes occur.
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hyperemesis gravidarum
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scanty bleeding at normal into intervals
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hypomenorrhea
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A congenital abnormality in males in which the urethral opening is on the underside, rather than at the tip, of the penis; in females, the defect is manifested by a urethral opening into the vagina.
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hypospadias
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Changing the blood pressure as a result of compression of abdominal wall vessels and decreased cardiac output when a woman lies down on her back
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Hypotensive syndrome
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Introduced inadvertently by a medical practitioner or resulting from a diagnostic procedure or treatment.
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iatrogenic
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Telescoping or invagination of a portion of the bowel into an adjacent portion; most commonly seen in infants.
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intussusception
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A condition involving a deficiency of thyroid hormone secretion in children.
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juvenile hypothyroidism
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A febrile, multisystem disorder affecting the small to medium-size vessels, primarily of the lymph nodes, most commonly in children before puberty; usually follows exposure to an infection. Also called mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome.
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Kawasaki disease
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Exercises involving alternate contraction and relaxation performed to strengthen the perineal muscles.
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Kegel exercises
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A neurologic syndrome resulting from deposition of unconjugated bilirubin in the brain cells and characterized by severe neural symptoms.
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kernicterus
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White or slightly gray mucoid vaginal discharge with faint, musty odor
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Leukorrhea
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Fundal height decreased, fetal head in pelvic inlet
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lightening
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Pigmented line extending up abdominal midline
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Linea nigra
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The vaginal discharge present during the first several weeks after delivery.
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lochia
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A creamy white, brown, or colorless discharge consisting mainly of serum and white blood cells; typically stops flowing at about 6 weeks postpartum.
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lochia alba
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Present during the first 3 to 4 postpartal days; it’s bloody and may contain mucus, tissue, debris, and small clots.
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lochia rubra
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A pink or brownish discharge persisting for 5 to 7 days postpartum.
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lochia serosa
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A wire U-shaped apparatus taped to both cheeks of an infant or toddler following cleft lip repair to protect the surgical site.
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Logan bow
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Lumbosacral curve accentuated
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Lordosis
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A radiograph of the breast; used for diagnostic purposes.
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mammogram
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Radiography of the mammary gland to identify benign and malignant neoplastic processes.
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mammography
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The surgical resection of a breast; usually performed to remove a malignant tumor.
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mastectomy
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Inflammation of the mammary gland; usually caused by streptococcal or staphylococcal infection and infrequent breast-feeding.
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mastitis
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A dark, greenish black material that occurs in the intestines of a fetus that forms the first stools of a neonate. The fluid is thick and sticky and is composed of intestinal gland secretions, some amniotic fluid, and intrauterine debris.
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meconium
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denotes first menstruation
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menarche
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refers only to the last menstrual period, can be dated with certainty only one year after menstruation ceases, average age at natural menopause is 51.4 years, within an age range of 35 to 60 years
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menopause
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small amount of withdrawal bleeding that usually goes unnoticed, and 10% of women there is sufficient bleeding to be visible
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mid cycle bleeding
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localized lower abdominal pain during ovulation, some spotting may occur
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mittelschmerz
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small amount of bleeding or spotting that occurs at the time of ovulation (14 days before onset of the next menses), is considered normal
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mittlestaining
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Enlarge sebaceous glands in areola on both breast
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Montgomery's tubercles
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A woman who has had two or more pregnancies
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Multigravida
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A woman who has completed two or more pregnancy to 20 weeks of gestation or more
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Multipara
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The protrusion of a hernial sac containing a portion of the spinal cord, its meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid through a congenital defect in the vertebral column.
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myelomeningocele
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how sexual arousal is characterized, increased muscular tension, resulting in voluntary and involuntary rhythmic contractions
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myotonia
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A form of abuse involving the failure to protect a person from injury or meet the person's physical, emotional, or medical needs.
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neglect
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A woman who has never been pregnant
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Nulligravida
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A woman who has not completed a pregnancy with a fetus or fetuses beyond 20 weeks of gestation
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Nullipara
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a woman that has never bore an offpring
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nulliparous
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often used to describe the crease menstruation, and amount, time, or both, but more correctly refers to in frequent menstrual periods characterized by intervals of 40 to 45 days or longer
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Oligomenorrhea
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Plug of mucus fills endocervical canal
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Operculum
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Eye infection occurring at birth or in the first month; most commonly caused by gonorrhea or chlamydia.
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ophthalmia neonatorum
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Delayed or poor mineralization of bone; the adult equivalent of rickets. This condition is associated with anorexia, fracture, pain, weakness, and weight loss.
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osteomalacia
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(ovum release from the ovary) tend to be regular, monitored by progesterone
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ovulatory
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palms pinkish red, mottled
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Palmar erythema
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The number of pregnancies in which the fetus or fetuses at least 20 weeks of gestation, not the number of fetuses born. The numeric designation is not affected by whether the fetus born alive or is still bored
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Parity
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a period proceeding menopause that last about four years, during this time the ovarian function declines, ova slowly diminishes, and menstrual cycles may be anovulatory, resulting in irregular bleeding, ovary stops producing estrogen and eventually menses no longer occurs
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perimenopause
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1. The pelvic floor and its associated structures; located between the symphysis pubis and the coccyx and on the sides by the ischial tuberosities. 2. The body area between the thighs; bounded by the anus and scrotum in males and by the anus and vulva in females.
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perineum
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An inborn metabolic disorder caused by absence or deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine; results in accumulation of phenylalanine and its metabolites, causing mental retardation and other neurologic problems, light pigmentation, eczema, and a distinctive mousy odor.
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phenylketonuria (PKU)
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hematocrit decreased to 36% and hemoglobin to 11 g/dL
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Physiological anemia
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Non-food cravings for substances such as ice, Clay, and laundry starch
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Pica
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Abnormal adherence of the placenta to the uterine wall.
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placenta accreta
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Implantation of the placenta so that it adjoins or covers the internal os of the uterine cervix. The most common symptom is painless hemorrhage in the last trimester.
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placenta previa
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Signs that can be attributed only to the presence of a fetus
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Positive
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Designation given to a pregnancy that goes beyond 42 weeks of gestation
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Postdate / Post term
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A neonate born after the onset of the 43rd week of pregnancy.
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postterm neonate
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An abnormal condition characterized by the development of hypertension during pregnancy, accompanied by edema or proteinuria, usually after the 20th week of gestation.
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preeclampsia
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Pregnancy related changes felt by the woman
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Presumptive
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Designation given to a pregnancy that has reached 20 weeks of gestation but before completion of 37 weeks of gestation
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Preterm
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A neonate born before the beginning of the 38th week of pregnancy.
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preterm neonate
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A woman who is pregnant for the first time.
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primigravid
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A woman who has completed one pregnancy with the fetus or fetuses would have reached 20 weeks of gestation or more
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Primipara
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Pregnancy related changes that can be observed by an examiner
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Probable
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a broader term that denotes the entire transitional stage between childhood and sexual maturity
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puberty
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1. Of or pertaining to the period from the end of childbirth until involution of the uterus is complete (usually 3 to 6 weeks). 2. Of or pertaining to a woman (puerpera) who has just given birth to an infant.
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puerperal
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Itching of the skin that occurred during pregnancy
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Puritis
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Containing or forming pus.
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purulent
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Heartburn experienced after supper
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Pyrosis
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The presence of pus in the urine, commonly a sign of urinary tract infection.
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pyuria
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Fetal movement first felt by the pregnant woman at 16 to 18 weeks of gestation
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Quickening
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Surgical removal of an entire breast, pectoral muscles, axillary lymph nodes, and all fat, fascia, and adjacent tissues; usually used in the treatment of breast cancer.
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radical mastectomy
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In hematology: two blood groups that are antigenically different and, therefore, aren't compatible because one group lacks the Rh factor.
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Rh incompatibility
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A prescribed treatment that uses the beta-receptor agonist ritodrine to halt preterm labor.
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ritodrine therapy
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A response in neonates to the cheek being touched or stroked. The infant turns the head toward the stimulated side and begins to suck. The reflex usually disappears by 3 to 4 months of age.
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rooting reflex
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Development of the symptom of pain as a result of psychological stress.
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somatoform pain
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Loss of autonomic reflex, motor, and sensory activity below the level of a lesion. Signs of spinal shock include flaccid paralysis, loss of deep tendon and perianal reflexes, and loss of motor and sensory function.
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spinal shock
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at the time of ovulation cervical mucus is thin and clear, it looks skills and stretches like egg white
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spinnbarkeit
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Pink stretch marks or depressed streaks on the breast and abdomen
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Striae gravidarum
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The sudden, unexpected, and inexplicable death of an infant who appears to be healthy. It occurs during sleep, typically in infants between the ages of 3 weeks and 5 months. Also called crib death.
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sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
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Located above the tentorium of the brain.
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supratentorial
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Causing harm to the developing fetus.
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teratogenic
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A type of herpes simplex virus transmitted primarily through contact with genital secretions and affecting the genital structures.
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type 2 herpes simplex
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A bacterial infection, most commonly caused by Escherichia coli or a species of Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, or Enterobacter, affecting one or more parts of the urinary tract.
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urinary tract infection (UTI)
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A rushing or blowing sound of maternal blood flow through the uterine arteries to the placenta that is synchronous with the maternal Paul's
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Uterine soufflé
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sexual stimulation results in increase in circulation to circumvaginal blood vessels (lubrication in the female), causing engorgement and distention of the genitals, venous congestion is localized primarily in the genitals, but it also occurs to a lesser degree in the breast and other parts of the body
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vasocongestion
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Capacity to live outside the uterus, a parent about 22 to 25 weeks of gestation
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Viability
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A rapidly growing malignant kidney tumor that occurs most commonly in children younger than age 5, although it sometimes develops before birth. Rare cases occur later in life. Also called adenomyosarcoma.
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Wilms' tumor
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Genetic disorders in which the abnormal gene exists on the X chromosome; only males exhibit clinical signs of the disorder because they have no offsetting X chromosome.
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X-linked recessive disorders
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