Oat Biology

Front 1

Assimilation

Back 1

the building up of new tissues from digested food materials.

Front 2

Homeostasis

Back 2

the body's metabolism functions to maintain its internal environment in a changing external environment.

Front 3

Irritability

Back 3

- the ability to respond toa stimulus.
- it is part of regulation.

Front 4

Photosynthesis

Back 4

the process by which lants convert CO2 and H2O into carbohydrates. Sunligh is harnessed by chlorophyll to drive this reaction.

Front 5

Atom vs. molecule

Back 5

Atom: the unit of an element.

Molecule: the unit of a compound.

Front 6

Monosaccharides

Back 6

ex. glucose and fructose

- single sugar subunits

Front 7

Disaccharides

Back 7

ex. maltose and sucrose
- composed of two monosaccharide subunits, joined by dehydration synthesis (loss of water).

Front 8

Polysaccharides

Back 8

ex. glycogen and starch

-polymers of chains of repeating monosacchraide subunits.

- insoluble in water
- formed by removing water
- add water, break polysaccharide --> hydrolysis

Front 9

Lipids

Back 9

- 3 fatty acids, and a glycerol backbone.

- 3 dehydration rxns needed to form one fat molecule.

- do not form polymers

Front 10

Lipid derivatives

Back 10

- phospholipids
- waxes
- steroids
- cartotenoids
- porphyrins

Front 11

Proteins

Back 11

- composed primarily of C, H, O, and N, and sometimes P, and S.
- polymers of amino acids.
- joined by peptide bonds through dehydration reactions --> polypeptide

Front 12

Substrate

Back 12

A molecule upon which an enzyme acts.

Front 13

Active site

Back 13

An area on each enzyme to which the substrate binds.

Front 14

Enzymes

Back 14

- lower activation energy of a reaction.

- increase the rate of the reaction.

- Do not affect the overall free energy of the reaction.

- Are not changed or consumed in the course of the reaction.

Front 15

Effects of temperature on enzymes

Back 15

As the temp. incrases, the rate of enzyme action increases.

Front 16

Effects of pH on enzyme

Back 16

- maximal activity occurs around pH 7.2. Exceptions: pepsin (pH 2), and pacreatic enzymes (pH 8.5).

Front 17

Effects of concentration

Back 17

- low concentrations of enzyme and substrate, man active sites on the enzyme are unoccupied and the reaction rate is low.

- Increasing the substrate concentration will increase the reaction rate until all of the active sites are occupied.

Front 18

Prosthetic groups

Back 18

Cofactors that bind to the enzyme by strong covalent bonds.

Front 19

Plant cells

Back 19

- no centrosome
- presence of cell wall composed of cellulose
- chloroplasts in many cells of green plants. Sites of synthesis of organic compounds.
Many vacuoles. Mature plant cells usually contain one large vacuole.