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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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OA Epidemiology
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20% elderly / previous fracture or deformity / Pre-existing Pagets, gout, acromegaly, RA
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OA Clinically
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Pain on movement / Worse at evening / background pain at rest / DIP, knees / Bouchards + Heberdens nodes
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OA RF
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Obesity / smoking / trauma / diabetes / marfans / osteoporosis
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OA Diagnosis
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LOSS xray / ESR CRP raised / RF and ANA -ve / crepitus / bony enlargement / effusion
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OA Treatment
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Weight loss +physio / NSAID / Replacement joint
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RA Epidemiology
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Elderly / female / whites
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RA Symptoms
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Symmetrically swollen + painful + stiff small joints of hands and feet caused by autoimmune inflammation / rheumatoid nodules / worse in morning / Sjogrens / pericardium + heart / splenomegaly
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RA diagnosis
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RF (70%) / anti CCP ( 98%) / Raised ESR, platelets, CRP / seronegative implies no RF / HLADR4 ass. / Xray shows swelling, loss of joint space, bony erosions / chronic anaemia
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RA Treatment
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3x therapy of: methotrexate, sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine / steroids / infliximab (anti-tnf) / rituximab (anti B cell)
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Osteoporosis Definition
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Reduced bone mass with normal mineralisation defined as mineral density 2 s.d below the mean value of young adults of the same sex. Usually clinically silent until complications of deformity or fracture.
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OP Epidemiology + RF
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Females / elderly / caucasian / post menopause / immobility / smoking / steroids / cushings (hypercortisolaemia)
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OP Clinically
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High resorbtion low formation / kyphosis / bone pain / fracture / trabecular > cortical due to higher metabolic activity
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OP Diagnosis
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DEXA - dual energy xray absorptiometry gold standard / US / MRI
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OP Treatment
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HRT if post menopause / Bisphosphates reduced absorpbtion / increase calcium / exercise
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