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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Simple Sugars
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are easily broken down to be absorbed by the body
Monosaccharides : glucose and fructose dont last long |
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Carbohydrates
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purpose is to provide energy
they can be stored in the body |
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Complex Sugars
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formed by two monosaccharides coming together
Disaccharides: sucrose,maltose,lactose release slower |
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Trisaccharides
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consist of one molecule of glucose, galactose, and fructose
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Polysaccharides
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made up of numerous molecules of simple sugars
dextrin, starch cellulose, glycogen has to be broken down in to monosaccharides before used |
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digestion of carbohydrates occur in where?
(two places) |
mouth: enzyme salivary amylase
Intestines: primary sites (starch, glycogen and disaccharides broken down to monosaccharides) |
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most of the carbohydrates in pet rations are absorbed as ---------?
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glucose
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absorbed galactose and fructose are converted to _______?
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glucose
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blood glucose into body cells is dependent on _____ from _________?
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Insulin, Pancreas
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entry of glucose into RBCs, liver cells, and CNS is NOT ________ __________
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Insulin Dependent
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what are the normal values of blood glucose?
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80- 120mg/di
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small dogs under 10 lbs with a high metabolism can get ________________?
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hypoglycemia
need constant replenishment of energy (chihuahua) |
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hypoglycemia is?
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decrease in blood glucose
causes: pancreas dysfunction, causing excessive insulin production depleting blood glucose heavily worked unconditioned animal (bird dog) depleting blood glucose supply |
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hyperglycemia is?
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Increase in blood glucose, causes Diabetes mellitus
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diabetes mellitus is?
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a deficiency in insulin production causes theses symptoms:
Glucosuria, ketonemia (ketones in blood), ployuria and polydipsia |
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diabetes mellitus is mostly found in ______ aged,_____ (fat)________ (girl) dogs
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middle, obese,female
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this diseases________ can be hereditary and found in what breeds?
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Diabetes mellitus, schnauzer, cockers, and poodles
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what is the first thing you do to check for Diabetes mellitus? how long fast?
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fasting glucose test
fast for 12 hours |
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a dogs average glucose level is?
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80-120mg/di
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doges tend to be type one diabetic which is?
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insulin dependent
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Gluconeogenesis is?
levels of glucose drop below 60 |
the liver uses fats and proteins and convert them into glucose
get dramatic weight loss |
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fats are
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complex molecules that are broken down by digestive system into fatty acids.
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Fatty acids are used as sources of____ for ____, hormone ________, skin and_____ oils, membranes and body cell parts
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fuel, energy, production, coat
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fats four main functions are
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supply energy, palatability, essential fatty acids, carry fat soluble vitamins (A,E,D,&K)
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Essential fatty acids
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Linoleic acids
Linolenic acids Arachidonic acids |
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what has most of the fatty acids a dog needs?
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vegetable oil
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what essential fatty acid does cats need most?
where do they get it from? |
Arachidonic acid
animal origin |
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fatty acids and fats are in what two see able parts of animals?
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hair and skin
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a deficiency in fats or fatty acids makes the hair ____ and ____ and the skin____ thicken and ______
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dry, course, dry, flaky
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what are the six sources of fats?
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lard
horse fat, poultry fat cottonseed oil, vegetable oil, fish oil |
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what is the concentration of energy in fats?
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9 cal/gm
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where are fats converted to glycerol and fatty acids?
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Small Intestine
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fats are _______ insoluble
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water
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bile salts break down fats into a ?
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water miscible form
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Pancreatic Lipase splits fat in to ____ and ____.
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glycerol, fatty acids
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digestion and absorption of fats is completed in how many hours?
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two hrs
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fats contribute to ________ _________.
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water retention
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affects of fat on blood are....
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slowed circulation, shortened clotting time, and decrease in sedimentation rate (blood doesn't separate well)
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pancreatitis / holiday syndrome
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severe inflammation due to over activated digestive enzymes which starts digesting the pancreas
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pancreatitis is classified as ____ or ____.
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acute (reaction) , chronic (little episodes)
need anti inflammatory's and fluids to flush system |
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symptom's of pancreatitis are
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abdominal pain, vomiting, elevated pancreatic enzymes and diarrhea
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causes of pancreatitis are
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hyperlipemia (high fat), obesity, infectious disease ( parvo, distemper) abdominal trauma (hit by car)
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laboratory analysis
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elevated lipase and amylase
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treatment
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NPO- reduce inflammatory action of pancreas
IV fluids anti-inflammatory drugs |
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dietary management
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diet low in fat, no table food
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cats are what type of carnivore
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obligate
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cats have a decreased amount of of intestinal and pancreatic _______
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amylase which break down carbs
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percent of cat in one house hold
percent of multiple cats in house hold |
34%
56% |
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what percent of cats are obese
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35%
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nutritional needs of a cat
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higher protein needs
taurine, arachodonic acid reduced carbohydrates |
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1950's what type of food
1970's what type of food |
canned
dry |
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Diabetes mellitus in cats
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recent, due to living indoors
non insulin dependent endocrine disorder |
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characteristic of diabetes in cats
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hyperglycemia, obesity, genetic predisposition, poor diet, hormones abnormalities, gender
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what gender is the most likely candidate of diabetes in cats?
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male, neutered, sedentary, obese
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symptoms of this diseases are?
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polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia,weight loss or gain
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diagnosis
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glucosuria, hyperglycemia : hematologic analysis
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treatment is through diet exercise and insulin therapy
how ? |
diet: is low carb, high protein
excercise: toys, laser pointer, virtual fish bowl insulin therapy: PzI- long acting (40 IU/mL) Glargine (100IU/mL) Detemir (100IU/mL) |
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Insulin therapy also have how many days to take affect and possible remission in how many weeks?
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3-5 day
4-6 weeks |
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blood glucose for cats is?
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83-133 mg/di
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