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55 Cards in this Set

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  • Back

Anabolic Steroids

Several compounds derived from testosterone or prepared synthetically. Promote body growth and masculinization and oppose the effects of estrogen.

Aerobic Endurance

The ability of skeletal muscle to obtain a sufficient supply of oxygen from the heart to the lungs to maintain muscular activity for a prolonged time.

ATP-cp Energy System

A simple and immediate anaerobic energy system that maintains ATP levels.

Carbohydrate Loading

Changes in dietary carbohydrate intake and exercise regimen before competition to maximize glycogen stores in the muscles. Also known as glycogen loading.

Cardiac Output

The amount of blood expelled by the heart.

Creatine

An important nitrogenous compound found in meats and fish and synthesized in the body from amino acids.

Diuresis

The formation and secretion of urine.

Endurance

The fact or power of enduring an unpleasant or difficult process or situation without giving way.

Ergogenic Aids

Substances that can enhance athletic performance.

Fast-Twitch (FT) Fibers

Muscle fibers that can develop high tension rapidly. These can fatigue quickly but are well suited for explosive movements in sprinting, running, jumping and weight lifting.

Hyperthermia

A much higher than normal body temperature.

Lactic Acid Energy System

Anaerobic energy system; using glycolysis, the process rapidly produces energy and lactate. Also called anaerobic glycolysis.

Muscle Fibers

Individual Muscle Cells.

Oxygen Energy System

A complex energy system that requires oxygen. To release ATP, it completes the breakdown of carbohydrate and fatty acids via the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain.

Palatable

A pleasant taste.

Pathogenic

Capable of causing disease.

Perceived Exertion

The subjective experience of how difficult an effort is.

Physical Performance

The ability to perform a physical task or sport at a desired level. Physical performance depends on both skill and physical fitness.

Physical Fitness

Your ability to carry out tasks without undue fatigue; Good physical condition.

Skeletal Muscles

Muscles composed of bundles of parallel, striated muscle fibers under voluntary control.

Sports Anemia

A lowered concentration of hemoglobin in the blood due to dilution. Increased plasma volume that dilutes the hemoglobin is a normal consequence of aerobic training.

Soda Loading

Consumption of bicarbonate (baking soda) to raise blood pH to increase the capacity to buffer acids, thus delaying fatigue.

Stamina

The ability to continue exercising or being active, even after having done so for a long time.

Slow-Twitch (ST) Fibers

Muscle fibers that develop tension more slowly and to a lesser extent than fast twitch muscle fibers.

Atherosclerosis

A type of "hardening of the arteries" in which cholesterol and other substances in the blood build up in the walls of arteries.

Benign

Not harmful in effect.

Blood Pressure

The pressure of the blood in the circulatory system, often measured for diagnosis since it is closely related to the force and rate of the heartbeat and the diameter and elasticity of the arterial walls.

Cancer

A term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control.

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)

General term for all disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels.

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

When your coronary arteries (the arteries that supply your heart muscle with oxygen-rich blood) become narrowed by a gradual build-up of fatty material within their walls.

DASH

Dietary Approaches to stop Hypertension

Essential Hypertension

Is the form of hypertension that by definition has no identifiable cause.

Fasting Hypoglycemia

A type of hypoglycemia that occurs because the body produces too much insulin when no food is eaten.

Genes

A unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.

Gestational Diabetes

A condition that results in high blood glucose levels during pregnancy.

Hypercholesterolemia

High blood cholesterol.

Leukemia

A malignant progressive disease in which the bone marrow and other blood-forming organs produce increased numbers of immature or abnormal leukocytes.

Malignant

very virulent or infectious

Melanoma

A tumor of melanin-forming cells, typically a malignant tumor associated with skin cancer.

Metabolic Syndrome

A cluster of at least 3 of the following risk factors

for heart disease: high blood pressure, excess abdominal fat, low cholesterol, etc.

Nutrition Informatics

The intersection of information, nutrition, and technology and represents the evolution of practicing dietetics.

Health Disparities

Refer to the variation in rates of disease occurrence and disabilities between socioeconomic and/or geographically defined population groups.

Pre-diabetes

Blood glucose levels higher than normal but not high enough to warrant a diagnosis of diabetes.

Plaque

A sticky deposit on teeth in which bacteria proliferate.

Risk Factors

Any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury.

Sphygmomanometer

An instrument for measuring blood pressure

Tumor

A swelling of a part of the body, generally without inflammation, caused by an abnormal growth of tissue, whether benign or malignant.

Type 1 Diabetes

Once known as juvenile diabetes, is a chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin, a hormone needed to allow sugar (glucose) to enter cells to produce energy.

Type 2 Diabetes

once known as adult-onset diabetes, is a chronic condition that affects the way your body metabolizes sugar (glucose), your body's important source of fuel.

Nutrients Important to an athletes diet

Vitamin B, Calcium, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Iron, Magnesium, Potassium, Sodium, Zinc

Difference between aerobic and anaerobic

Aerobic means with oxygen and anaerobic means without oxygen.

Signs of dehydration

Dry or Sticky mouth, Tiredness, Dry Skin, Headache, Confusion, Sunken eyes, etc.

Suggested Value for value for blood pressure

Less than 120/80 mmHg

Suggested Value for Sugar



Less than 140 mg/dL

Suggested Value for Cholesterol

Less than 200 mg/dL