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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A compound that stops the damaging effects of reactive substances seeking an electron.(3)
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antioxidant (Vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene)
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Substances present in plant foods that are not absolutely essential in the diet, but they may have profound effects on health.
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phytochemicals
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The process of adding back nutrients lost during processing.
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enrichment
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The process of adding nutrients to food products in quantities greater than that normally found in a product.
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fortification
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When too much of a vitamin is consumed that can produce injury or illness.
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toxicity
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Vitamins that are absorbed with fat into the lymph system and stored in cells with fat.
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Fat-soluble vitamins
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Vitamins that are absorbed directly into the bloodstream. and any excess is excreted in the urine instead of being stored.
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water-soluble vitamins
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When it is dark, retinal combines with a protein (opsin) in the eye to form what? When light strikes it, the retinal is separated from the opsin.
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rhodopsin
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Results if there is not enough retinal in the bloodstream to replace that which is lost periodically from the visual cycle.
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night blindness
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Advanced keratinization of the cornea of the eye and is the leading cause of blindness in the world.
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xerophthalmia
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A short-lived compound that has an upaired electron in its out shell and can be destructive to cells.
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free radicals
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Vitamin D deficiency in children characterized by bowed legs, enlargement of the joints, rib cage, and head.
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rickets
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Vitamin D deficiency in adults and are prone to bone fractures.
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osteomalacia
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A blood clotting factor in which vitamin K is necessary for its formation.
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Thrombin
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A protein that regulates incorporation of calcium and phosphorus into bones in which vitamin K is necessary for its formation.
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osteocalcin
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An organic compound (B vitamins) that combine with an inactive enzyme(protein)to form active enzymes.
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coenzymes
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Thiamin deficiency characterized by nerve degeneration, muscle weakness, loss of appetite, and sometimes, fluid accumulation in the body(edema).
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beriberi
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Results from thiamin deficiency in alcoholics and is characterized by mental confusion, memory loss, and poor nervous system control of arms and legs.
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Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
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The condition that results from a deficiency of riboflavin with symptoms such as cracks at the corners of the mouth(cheilosis), the tongue becomes inflamed (glossitis), and dermatitis around the nose, eye and nervous system disorders can occur as well.
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ariboflavinosis
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A disease that results from a deficient intake of niacin with symptoms such as dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death - the four D's.
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Pellagra
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A folate deficiency where red blood cells are large, immature, and unable to carry adequate quantities of oxygen to tissues with symptoms such as tiredness, irritability, and shortness of breath, common among alcoholics.
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macrocytic anemia
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Folate deficiency around the time of conception can lead to this birth defect.
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neural tube defect
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Originates in the parietal cells of the stomach and helps with the absorption of vitamin B-12 in the ileum.
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intrinsic factor
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A deficiency of vitamin B-12 with symptoms such as macrocytic anemia and nerve degeneration that leads to walking difficulties and mental slowness.
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pernicious anemia
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A disease that results in the deficiency of vitamin C with symptoms such as pinpoint hemorrhages and bruises under the skin, bleeding gums, poor wound healing, and bone pain.
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scurvy
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When too little of a vitamin is consumed.
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vitamin deficiency
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When too much of a vitamin is consumed and symptoms may occur.
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vitamin toxicity
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