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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is pica |
craving weird stuff you normally would never eat |
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if a mother has HIV/AIDS, what nutrition problems can she face |
protein energy malnutrition, vitamin and mineral deficiency, inadequate weight gain |
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what problems in pregnancy do adolescences face? |
risk for anemia, premature birth, low birth weight babies, infant mortality, extra demands for growth and development |
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what is colostrum
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first milk from lactation |
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what is prolactin? |
hormone; stimulates milk production |
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what is oxytocin? |
hormone; stimulates milk release (let down reflex) |
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what are three benefits of breastfeeding for the mother |
convenience, recovery of uterus size, help women return to pre preg weight faster |
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what are the benefits of breastfeeding for infants |
optimal nutrition, protects infant from infections and illness (diarrhea, ear infections, pneumonia, asthma), convenience |
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what is the best marker of nutritional status |
growth (using growth charts) |
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explain weight gain expectancies in infancy |
DOUBLE birth weight by 4-6 months TRIPLE birth weight by 12 months |
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explain length gain expectancies in infancy |
increase length by 50% by 12 months |
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what is protein in breast milk important for during infancy |
growth |
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what is carbohydrates in breast milk important for during infancy |
energy, enhances absorption of calcium and phosphorus |
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what is fat in break milk important for during infancy |
energy, nervous system development, accumulation of fat stores |
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how many wet diapers/stools should a baby have per day |
SIX wet diapers THREE or more stools |
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what are the developmental readiness signs that a baby is ready for solid foods |
lack of extrusion reflex, head and body control |
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what is colic |
crying nonstop and distress |
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what usually disappears within 12-18 months |
gastroesophageal reflux |
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what can lead toxicity effects |
slow growth, iron deficiency anemia, damage to brain and CNS |
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what four things can tobacco use during pregnancy effect |
risk for miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm delivery, and low birth weight |
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what four things can alcohol use during pregnancy effect |
risk for fetal alcohol syndrome, physical defects, mental defects, and growth retardation |
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what five things can drug use during pregnancy effect |
risks for low birth weight, preterm delivery, miscarriage, birth defects, and infant addiction |
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what should you avoid during pregnancy |
alcohol, certain types of fish, no more than 300 milligrams of caffeine per day |
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what do you need an overall increased need for during pregnancy |
calories, vitamins, minerals |
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what do you need the HIGHEST increase for during pregnancy |
iron and folate |
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what are the main source of extra calories |
complex carbohydrates |
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what amount of macronutrients is appropriate during pregnancy |
LOW fat, MODERATE protein, HIGH carbs |
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how much weight gain is recommended during pregnant |
gain 25 to 35 pounds |
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when is the blastogenic stage |
first 2 weeks |
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when is the embryonic stage |
weeks 2 to 8 |
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when is fetal stage |
week 9 to delivery |
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what happens in the blastogenic stage |
cells differentiate into fetus and placenta |
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what happens in the embryonic stage |
development of organ systems |
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what happens in the fetal stage |
growth |
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what type of vitamin and how much do you need before conception |
synthetic folic acid, 400-800 micgrograms per day |
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what vitamin should you avoid before conception |
high doses of vitamin A (retinol) |
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what age does a boys growth spurt happen |
between 12 and 13 years |
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what age does a girls growth spurt happen |
between 10 and 11 years |
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during a boys growth spurt how much height/weight should they gain |
8 inches in height 45 pounds in weight |
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during a girls growth spurt how much height/weight should they gain |
6 inches in height 35 pounds in weight |
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when you get older, what vitamin can you not absorb as well anymore |
vitamin B12 |
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what is vitamin D needed for when you get older |
bone health, calcium balance, reduced skin synthesis |
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where are antioxidants found |
fruits and vegetables |
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what are antioxidants important for |
reduce oxidative stress and degenerative diseases |
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what are vitamins NOT good for |
energy sources |
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what are types of fat soluble vitamins |
vitamins A, D, E, K |
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what are types of water soluble vitamins |
vitamins 8 B Vitamins, and vit C |
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where are fat soluble vitamins absorbed and how are they stored |
absorbed with fat into lymphatic system, stored in LARGER quantities |
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where are water soluble vitamins absorbed and how are they stored |
absorbed into bloodstream, stored in SMALL amounts |
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what is the purpose of vitamins in food |
enrichment and fortification |
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what does enriched mean |
replacing lost ingredients |
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what does fortified mean |
adding extra nutrients to food |
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what are inorganic elements |
minerals |
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what types of sources are minerals found in |
both plants and animals |
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what is hypertension |
high blood pressure |
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what does hypertension increase your risk for
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heart disease, stroke, kidney disease |
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what should you do to reduce hypertension |
reduce sodium intake to lower blood pressure |
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what is osteoporosis |
decreased bone density |
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what are things you can do to reduce risk of osteoporosis |
have diets rich in calcium and vit D, eat foods that are high in calcium, regular physical activity, healthy body weight, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol intake |
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define malnutrition |
failure to achieve nutrient requirements |
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define food insecurity |
limited or uncertain availability of nutrients or food |
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define food security |
access to nutritionally adequate and safe food |
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what groups are at risk for food malnutrition |
working poor, people in food deserts, and older adults |
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what are ways america is trying to resolve hunger issues |
the food stamp program, WIC, national school lunch program, feeding america |
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what is the largest hunger relief organization in the us |
feeding america |
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what does feeding america do |
network of food banks and food rescue organizations that work to affect change in public attitude and laws. educates general public about hunger in america |
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what things contribute to hunger and malnutriton |
soaring food prices, population growth, rapid economic expansion, increased oil prices and biofuels increasing, unpredictability and variability in water supplies, and international relief agencies and government programs |
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what are protein energy malnutritions |
kwashiorkor, marasmus |
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what do iodine deficiency disorders cause |
most common cause of preventable brain damage |
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what does a vitamin A deficiency cause |
leading cause of preventable blindness |
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what does iron deficiency anemia cause |
limits productivity of population |
