Nutrition Exam 4

Front 1

take vitamin with a meal or at least a full glass of water or milk to help increase __

Back 1

absoption

Front 2

vitamins are __ that are present in the foods we eat

Back 2

organic substances

Front 3

perform specific metabolic functions in the body

Back 3

vitamins

Front 4

corbon contining substances that the body must obtain in small amounts to maintain heatlh

Back 4

vitamins

Front 5

vitamins were discovered from __

Back 5

1937-1948

Front 6

vitamins mostly come from your __

Back 6

diet

Front 7

promote and rgulate chemial reations and processes

Back 7

citamins

Front 8

vitamins do not provide __ but __ vitamins participate in energy yeilding reactions

Back 8

energy, water soluble

Front 9

kind of vitamin that regulates growth and development

Back 9

fat soluble

Front 10

type of vitamin that are responsible for the activation of enzymes

Back 10

B vitamins

Front 11

synthesizing led to __

Back 11

vitamin supplements

Front 12

people eating less than __ calories or don't eat teh recommended number of servings ofrom FGP should take vitamins

Back 12

1200

Front 13

you should shoot for __% of the US RDA for vitamins

Back 13

50-150%

Front 14

a megadoes is __x the recommended amount

Back 14

10x

Front 15

__ of adults in teh US take vitamins

Back 15

60%

Front 16

__ vitamins are considered the antioxidants that prevent or repair damage to cells caused by exposure to free radicals

Back 16

A, C, E

Front 17

states that cahrged molecultes from bodily wastes products, toxins, and stresses build up over tiem, damage cells and cause us to age

Back 17

free radical theory of aging

Front 18

there are __ essential vitamins

Back 18

13

Front 19

there are __ fat soluble vitamins, they are __

Back 19

4, ADEK

Front 20

there are __ water soluble vitamins

Back 20

9

Front 21

what is another name for the B1 vitamin

Back 21

thiamin

Front 22

what is another name for the B2 vitamin

Back 22

riboflavin

Front 23

what is another name for the B3 vitamin

Back 23

niacin

Front 24

what is another name for the B6 vitamin

Back 24

pyridoxine

Front 25

what is another name for the B12 vitamin

Back 25

cyanocobalamin, cobalamin

Front 26

what is another name for the B9 vitamin

Back 26

folic acid

Front 27

what is another name for the B7 vitamin

Back 27

biotin/VH

Front 28

what is another name for the B5 vitamin

Back 28

pantothenic acid

Front 29

vitamins that dissolve in substances like ether and benzene

Back 29

fat soluble vitamins

Front 30

travel through the bloodstream to reach body cells stored msotly in liver and fatty tissues

Back 30

fat solubule vitamins

Front 31

all the water soluble vitamins are flushed from teh system via the kidneys except __

Back 31

B12

Front 32

__, __, and __ are water solubuel vitamins that can be dangerous if consumed too much

Back 32

niacin, B6, C

Front 33

you see deficiancies sooner in __ vitamins that__

Back 33

water soluble, fat souluble

Front 34

means adding back nutrients that were lost during food processing. for exmple, B vitamins, lost when wheat is refined, are dded back to white flour

Back 34

enriched

Front 35

means adding nutrients that weren't present in food to begin with. for example, milk is fortified with vitamin D to help your body absorb milks calcium and phosphorus

Back 35

fotified

Front 36

bitamin and or mineral that has been added to a produc tin excess of what was originally found in the porduct

Back 36

enriched

Front 37

vitamin and or mineral has been added to a product that did not have it to start with

Back 37

fortified

Front 38

type of vitamin A that is preformed and found in animals

Back 38

retinoids

Front 39

vitamin A that is a provitamin found in plants

Back 39

carotenoids

Front 40

important in vision, health of cels, growth o, development and reproduction, and cancer prevention

Back 40

vitamin A

Front 41

responsible for lsynthesis of fcollagen, hormones, and neurotransmitters, antioxidant, prevents cancer, heart disease and cataracts, helps funtion of immune system

Back 41

vitamin C

Front 42

vitamin __, __, and __ are the most abused vitamin supplements

Back 42

C, E beta carotene

Front 43

you can recieve all vitamins with a __

Back 43

balacned diet

Front 44

keeping cool, in moister proof containers, not cuting foods, keeping the skins/outer layer on, and microwae cooking, steamin, or in a pna with little water are the best ways to __

Back 44

preserve vitamins

Front 45

called the sunshine vitamin, calciferol

Back 45

vitamin D

Front 46

called tocopherol, tocotrienol

Back 46

vitamin E

Front 47

called teh clotting vitamin, phylloquinone

Back 47

vitamin K

Front 48

called ascorbic acid

Back 48

vitamin C

Front 49

what is the possible 10th water soluble vitamin?

Back 49

choline

Front 50

helps with vision, to distinguish light from dar and color, health of teh epithelial cells, esp production of mucous, bone growth, development, and reporduction, cancer prevention, aids immune system, cell differentiation. deficiency problems: vision problems

Back 50

vitmain A

Front 51

this vitamin is also caonidered a hormone, responsible for converesion of cels in skin to D

Back 51

vitamin D

Front 52

found in food or the sun, fortified milk, fish oils, tuna, salmon

Back 52

vitamin D

Front 53

regulates calcium and bone metabolism, regulates calcium and phosphorus absoption, reduces kidney excretion of calcium, regulates deposition of calcium, cancer prevention.

Back 53

vitamin

Front 54

deficiency in this is rickets, osteomalacia, growth retardation

Back 54

vitamin D

Front 55

suggested evidence that this vitamin helps lower incidences of heart attacks and cancer

Back 55

vitamin E

Front 56

found in plant oils, green vegies, fruits, nuts, seds

Back 56

vitamin E

Front 57

an antioxidant that donates electrongs or hydrogen to the electron seking compound to neutralize it, stops cell membrane damage, imporoves absorption of vitamin A and calcium, metabolizes iron, detoxify lead, mercurty, beneze, and carbon tetrcholride, reduces tendnecy of platelets to form clots

Back 57

vitmain E

Front 58

a deficiency in this is nerve destruciton, RBC problems

Back 58

vitamin E

Front 59

responsible for sysnthesis in teh intestine form baceria and supplied in foods (green vegies, leefy cabbage family, egg yolks, fish oils, liver)

Back 59

vitamin K

Front 60

vital for blood clotting, causes inactive blood clotting factors to become active

Back 60

vitamin K

Front 61

deficiency in this causes hemorrhage, decrease in bone density

Back 61

vitamin K

Front 62

responsible for the synthesis of collagen, helps absoptino or iron, antioxidant, helps form epinepherine, healthy teeth gums, and connective tissue

Back 62

vitamin C

Front 63

foundin citrus fruits, strawberries, tomatoes, broccoli, greens, potatoes, and cantaloupe

Back 63

vitamin C

Front 64

deficiency in this can cause scurvy

Back 64

vitamin C

Front 65

is a coenzyme, growh and maintenance metaboism of glucose

Back 65

vitamin B1

Front 66

responsible for energy pordictuion from CFP metabolism, body growth, and RBC production

Back 66

vitamin B2

Front 67

a deficiency in this is dreied and cracked skin, sensitivity to light

Back 67

vitamin B2

Front 68

responsible for energy production for CR, lowers high cholesterol

Back 68

vitamin B3

Front 69

deficiency in this is pellegra

Back 69

vitamin B3

Front 70

resonsible for energy metabolism, hormone production

Back 70

vitamin B5

Front 71

deficiency in this causes tingling in hands, fatigue, headaches

Back 71

vitamin B5

Front 72

responsile for metaboism of PCF, especially protein, nuerotrasnmitter, synthesis of antiboideis

Back 72

vitamin B6

Front 73

deficiency in this causes headaches, convulsions, flaky skin, anemia, depression

Back 73

vitamin B6

Front 74

resonsible for synthesis of DNA and making of RBC, prevents neural tube defects, foundin green leafy vegies

Back 74

vitamin B9

Front 75

deficiency in this is pooor growth, ,graing hair, inflammation of tongue, ulcers, diarrhea, anemia

Back 75

vitamin B9

Front 76

responsible for synthesis of DNA, anemia, maintenance of CNS, found in eggs, meat, poultry, shellfish, milk

Back 76

vitamin B12

Front 77

deficiency in this causes anemia

Back 77

vitamin B12

Front 78

responoisble for energy metabolism, synthesis of hormones and choelsterol

Back 78

vitamin B7

Front 79

deficiency in this is dermatisis, hair loss, impaired growth

Back 79

vitamin B7

Front 80

helps with fatigue becuase it is involved in muscle contraction

Back 80

choline

Front 81

deficiency in thsi is fatty liver and liver damage

Back 81

choline

Front 82

chemical elements used in teh body to promote chemical processes and form body structure

Back 82

minerals

Front 83

inorganic elemets fond in nature

Back 83

minerals

Front 84

some minerals are __

Back 84

toxic

Front 85

megadose of minerals is __x the recommended dose

Back 85

10

Front 86

minerals are __ that enable enzymes to work

Back 86

co-factors

Front 87

ability to absorption and use of minerals

Back 87

mineral bioavailablity

Front 88

minerals are better absorbed from __ sources

Back 88

animal

Front 89

the three minerals that are considered electrolytes

Back 89

postassium, chloride, sodium

Front 90

there are __ major minerals

Back 90

7

Front 91

you need __ milligrams a day of major minerals

Back 91

>100

Front 92

what are the major minerals

Back 92

sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur

Front 93

responsible for fluid balance, nerve impulse conduction, and aid absorption of nutrients like glucose

Back 93

sodium

Front 94

lack of this causes muscle crmaps and fatigue

Back 94

sodium

Front 95

responsible for fluid pbalance, nerve impulse conduction

Back 95

potassium

Front 96

lack of this causes muscle cramps, irregular heartbeat, loss of appetite

Back 96

potassium

Front 97

responsible for extracellular fluid, component of stomach hydrochloric acid, nerve function

Back 97

chloride

Front 98

lack of this causes metabolic irregularities, confusion, stupor

Back 98

chloride

Front 99

responsible for forming and maintainign bones and teeth, blood clotting, muscle contraction, nerve transmission, regulates cellular metabolism

Back 99

calcium

Front 100

lack of this cuases slow stunted growth, osteoporosis, dowagers ump, bone fracture, tooth loss, muscles cramping

Back 100

calcium

Front 101

high calcium levles

Back 101

hypercalcemia

Front 102

__% of calcium in teh body is in teh bones

Back 102

99

Front 103

a disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue leading to increased bone fragility and fracture risk

Back 103

osteoporosis

Front 104

__% of americans with osteoporosis are women

Back 104

80

Front 105

regular adults should consume __ cup so fdairy a day for thier calcium intake

Back 105

3

Front 106

children ages 2-8 should have __ cups per day of dairy for calcium intake

Back 106

2

Front 107

a component of enzymes, DNA, all cell membranes and bone (85%)

Back 107

phosphorous

Front 108

lack of this causes weakness, muscle loss, bone loss, and pain

Back 108

phosphorus

Front 109

responsible for nerve and heart functions, maintenance of bone (60%), cofactor for over 200 enzymes

Back 109

magnesium

Front 110

lack of this causes weakness, confusion, constipation, disturbed heart rate

Back 110

magnesium

Front 111

responsible for structure of some amino acids, acid based balance, food preservation

Back 111

sulfur

Front 112

there are __ trace minerals

Back 112

9

Front 113

you need __ mg a day of trace minerals

Back 113

<100

Front 114

the trace minerals are:

Back 114

iron, zinc, selenium, iodine, copper, fluoride, chromium, manganese, mollybdenum

Front 115

a component of hemoglobin and myoglobin, oxygen transport, component of enzyems and some proteins, immune function

Back 115

iron

Front 116

lack of this couases anemia with weakness, fatigue, reduced learning ability and coordination, slow wound healling and resistance to infection

Back 116

iron

Front 117

a condition where there is a lower than normal number of red blood cells in teh blood usually measured by a decrease in teh amount of hemoglobin

Back 117

anemia

Front 118

is a cofactor for over 300 enzymes, DNA and protein metabolism, immune function, proper bone and sexual organ development, storeage and release of insulin, alcohol metaboism

Back 118

zinc

Front 119

lack of this causes growth retardation, delayed puberty, loss of taste, weight loss, diarrhea, night blindness, imparied immunity

Back 119

zinc

Front 120

the only mineral that is an antioxidant

Back 120

selenium

Front 121

selenium deficiency cuasing deforming arthitis

Back 121

kashin-beck disease

Front 122

responsible for teh synthesis of thyroid hormones, promote growth and development

Back 122

iodine

Front 123

lack of this cuases goiter, colds, weight gain, meantl retardation, deafness

Back 123

iodine

Front 124

metabolizes iron, cross linking collagen and elastin, cofactor for antioxident enzyems, immune system, blood clotting, blood lipoprotein metabolism

Back 124

copper

Front 125

strengthens the structure of bones and teeth

Back 125

flouride

Front 126

lack of this cuases increased tooth decay, bone fractures

Back 126

flouride

Front 127

responsible for glucose entry into cells

Back 127

chromium

Front 128

lack of this causes neurological disorders

Back 128

chromium

Front 129

is a corfactor of enzymes used in CHO metaboism, bone formation

Back 129

manganese

Front 130

interacts with iron and copper, cofactor of enzyems

Back 130

molybdenum

Front 131

lack of this cuases weakness and confusion

Back 131

molybdenum

Front 132

the most abundant mineral in teh body, 99% of bone

Back 132

calcium

Front 133

bones continue to form and mineralize until age __

Back 133

30

Front 134

you can loose up to 40% of your calicum by age __

Back 134

70

Front 135

porous bones due to loss of minerals from teh bones

Back 135

osteoporosis

Front 136

disorder taht results from a depletion of iron stores

Back 136

iron deficiency

Front 137

condition that results when teh content of hemoglobin in red blood cells is reduced due to a lack of iron

Back 137

iron deficiency anemia

Front 138

high blood pressure is __

Back 138

140/90

Front 139

__% of hypertension has no identifiable cause

Back 139

95

Front 140

__% of americans have HBP

Back 140

75

Front 141

a person is allowed about __ mg of salt a day, athletes caan have __ mg

Back 141

2300-2400, 4000

Front 142

preypertension is __

Back 142

120/80-139/89

Front 143

stage 1 hypertension is __

Back 143

140/90-159/99

Front 144

stage 2 hypertension is __

Back 144

160/100 or higher

Front 145

__ may induce mineral losses

Back 145

exercise

Front 146

if a female athlete develops secondary amenorrhea, they ahve an increased need for __

Back 146

iron

Front 147

over __ of teh US population uses some form of supplementation and we spend more muney on supplelents that __

Back 147

1/2, primary care medicine

Front 148

__ % of americans feel that they do not recieve adequate levels of VM in thier diet

Back 148

80

Front 149

only __% of the population consume five servign of fuits and veggies daily

Back 149

1

Front 150

>__% of americans fails to achieve the RDA levels of VM

Back 150

70

Front 151

chemical substances found in plants

Back 151

phytochemicals

Front 152

the study of phytochemicals is <__ years old

Back 152

20

Front 153

you do not __ most phytochemicals

Back 153

store

Front 154

__ are not destroyed by cooking like water soluble viatimns

Back 154

phytochemicals

Front 155

chemical substacnes in animal fods, some of which perform important funcitons in teh human body

Back 155

zoochemicals

Front 156

reduce risk of heart disease, risk of certain types of cncner, age related muscular degeneration, hypertension, infectious diseases, diabetes, stroke and cataracts

Back 156

phytochemicals

Front 157

act as a hormone inhibiting subastance taht prevent initiation of cancer

Back 157

phytochemicals

Front 158

serve as an antioxidant that prevent and repair damage to cells due to oxidation

Back 158

phytochemicals

Front 159

block or neurtralize enzymes that promote the development of cancer and otehr diseases

Back 159

phytochemicals

Front 160

decrease formation of blood clots

Back 160

phytochemicals

Front 161

sulfur containing vegetables whose outer leaves form a cros (crucifix)

Back 161

cruciferous vegetables

Front 162

the __ regulates claims in advertisement of supplements

Back 162

federal trade commission

Front 163

plant products known to treat disease are considered __

Back 163

drugs

Front 164

dietary supplements ahve been a concept since the __

Back 164

1960's

Front 165

birth dietary supplements in congress __

Back 165

1994

Front 166

stated that any product intended to supplement thte diet by providing one or more vitains, minerals, herbs or other botanical products or amino acids, and a concentrated source of nutrients that is ususally prescribed to be taken in addition to teh daily diet to increse nutriet intake

Back 166

dietary supplement heatlh and educatin act (DSHEA)

Front 167

statements about how a products affects the structure or functin of teh human body example : 'calcium builds strong bones'

Back 167

allowable claimes

Front 168

statements thta say a supplement can cure or treat a disease example: 'ginko biloba prevents dementia'

Back 168

non allowed claim

Front 169

in __, concgress establiehed an office of dietary supplements within the national institures of health, the primary purpose is to promote scienfii sutdy of dietary supplements

Back 169

1995

Front 170

in __ the FDA regulation taht vitamin and mineral supplements must display a "supplement facts" panel that lists service size and amount to be consumed

Back 170

1998

Front 171

__ has tested the supplement for igredient availability for absorption, purity, and stregth

Back 171

US Pharmacopeia

Front 172

according to DSHEA, teh __ is responsible for ensuring tht a dietary supplement is safe before it is marketed

Back 172

manufacturer

Front 173

non essential amino acids used to make urea, proteins, glycogen, and energy

Back 173

aspartic acid

Front 174

differ from oteh ramino acids in taht tehy can be used for energy directlyin the muscles

Back 174

branched chain amino acids

Front 175

often marketed as an immune system enhancer and to improve brain function

Back 175

glutaimine

Front 176

energy drinks are intentionally marketed to people under __

Back 176

30

Front 177

__ mg of caffine a day is moderate dons

Back 177

200-300

Front 178

over __ mg of caffine a day is moderate dose

Back 178

200-300

Front 179

over __ mg of carrine is a large does

Back 179

400

Front 180

__ mg of caffine is banned from teh olympics

Back 180

800

Front 181

member of buttercup family, used recently to treat postmenopausal symtoms

Back 181

black cohosh

Front 182

products used to prevent or treat uriniary tract infecitons

Back 182

cranberries

Front 183

believed to strengthen the immune system

Back 183

echinacea

Front 184

associated with decreases in cholesterol an dability to help control blood pressure. has been shown to have potential anticancer effects

Back 184

garlic

Front 185

used for teh treatment of various condicions including memory and conentration problesm

Back 185

ginkogo biloba

Front 186

commonly sould to improve overall heatlh and immune systemem

Back 186

ginseng

Front 187

best known as an aphrodisiac

Back 187

yohimbine

Front 188

used to treat mild to moderate depression anxiety and sleep disorders

Back 188

st. johns wort

Front 189

used a amild sedative and sleeping agent

Back 189

valerian

Front 190

used for reief ofnausea, vomiting, and motion sickness

Back 190

ginger