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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A diet that excludes only those foods that a person cannot chew (includes all foods and seasonings) is called?
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mechanical soft diet
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Difficulty in swallowing is called?
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dysphagia
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The drawing in of food, gastric secretions, or liquid inot the lungs is called?
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aspiration
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The region of the body just above the stomach is called?
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epigastric
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A burning sensation felt behind the sternum caused by the presence of gastric juices in the esophagus is called?
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heartburn
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Anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor and the consequent malabsorption of vitamin B12 is called?
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pernicious anemia
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Inflammation of the stomach lining is called?
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gastritis
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A protrusion of a portion of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus of the stomach is called?
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hiatal hernia
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An erosion of the top layer of cells from the mucosa of the lower esophagus, the stomach, or the small intestine is called?
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peptic ucler
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Marked hypersecretion of gastric acid and consequent peptic uclers caused by a tumor of the pancreas is called?
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Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
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Surgery to remove all or part of the stomach is called?
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gastrectomy
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Surgery that enlarges the pyloric sphincter is called?
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pylorplasty
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Surgery that severs the nerves that stimulate gastric acid secretion is called?
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vagotomy
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Surgery for severe obesity that limits the functional size of the stomach is called?
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gastric partitioning
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Vague abdominal pain is called? It's also known as indigestion.
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dyspepsia
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The backflow of regurgitation of gastric contents from the stomach into the esophagus, causing inflammation of the esophagus is called?
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Gerd/Reflux esophagitis
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Lesions or sores in the lining of the esophagus is called?
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esophageal ulcers
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Changes in the cells of the esophagus associated with chronic gastroesophageal reflux that raise the risk of cancer of the esophagus is called?
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Barrett's esophagus
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What kind of diet would you recommend to someone who has just had a tonsillectomy?
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mechanical soft diet
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What kind of diet would you recommend for dysphagia?
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mechanical soft diet
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Indigestion is also known as?
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dyspepsia
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What kind of diet would you recommend to someone who has gastritis?
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liberal bland diet
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This disorder most often follows the repeated use of aspirin or other medications that irritate the gastric mucosa.
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acute gastritis
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This disorder may be associated with aging, peptic ulcer disease and conditions that cause the chronic reflux of basic fluids from the duodenum into the stomach.
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chronic gastritis
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Many people with chronic gastritis have ___.
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pernicious anemia
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What is the result of chronic gastritis?
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The gastric cells gradually shrink and gastric secretions decline.
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What are the 3 main causes of peptic ulcers?
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1. helicobacter pyloric infections
2. use of certain anti-inflammatory medications 3. disorders that cause excessive gastric acid secretion |
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How are peptic ulcers treated?
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antisecretory agents
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What kind of diet would you recommend to someone who has peptic ulcers?
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liberal bland diet
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What are the 4 types of gastric surgeries?
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1. pyloroplasty
2. gastrectomy 3. vagotomy 4. gastric partitioning |
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When undigested food gets "dumped" rapidly into the ___, dumping syndrome may occur.
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jejunum
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A post-gastrectomy diet limits the total amount of ___ as well the amount of ___. It emphasizes foods high in ___ and provides additional energy from ___.
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carbohydrates, simple sugars, protein, fat
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What kind of diet would you recommend to someone who has had gastric partioning?
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mechanical soft diet
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Gastric surgery can result in ___, ___, ___, and ___.
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weight loss, nutrient deficiencies, anemia, bone disease
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the condition of having infrequent or difficult bowel movements is called?
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constipation
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___ is a side effect of a high-fiber diet.
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excessive gas
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What 3 kinds of components of food may cause gas for some ppl?
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1. high fat foods
2. fructose 3. sugar alcohols |
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What is gas in the intestinal tract or the expelling of gas from the intestinal tract called?
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flatus
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The frequent passage of watery bowel movements are called?
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diarrhea
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___ diarrhea results from an accelerated movement of fluids and electrolytes from the intestinal capillaries into the lumen of the intestine.
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secretory
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___ diarrhea results from an increase in an osmolality of the intestinal contents due to unabsorbed nutrients or drugs.
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osmotic
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Dumping syndrome is an example of ___ diarrhea.
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osmotic
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___ is an intestinal disorder of unknown causes.
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irritable bowel syndrome
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___ is a medication that reduces GI tract motility.
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anticholinergics
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What do antidiarrheals do?
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slows GI tract motility
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Stress management would be used to treat this GI tract disorder.
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irritable bowel syndrome
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What are the two main nutrient deficiencies of lactose intolerance to be concerned with?
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calcium and vitamin D
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Disorders of the ___, ___, ___, and ___
can all lead to fat malabsorption. |
stomach, pancreas, intestine, liver
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Fatty diarrhea characterized by loose, foamy, foul-smelling stools is called?
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steatorrhea
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Many ppl with severe fat malabsorption develop ___ deficiencies.
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fatty acid
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___ are chemical compounds formed between a basic mineral (such as calcium and magnesium) and unabsorbed fatty acids.
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soaps
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___ give steatorrhea its foamy appearance.
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soaps
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High urinary ___ favors the formation of kidney stones.
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oxalate
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___ are used when fat malabsorption occurs.
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enzyme replacements
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When activated digestive enzymes within the pancreas causes damage to the pancreas itself is what disorder?
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pancreatitis
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What is an indicator of pancreatitis?
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serum amylase and lipase in the blood
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Pancreatitis is a consequence of ___.
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alcoholism
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This is a genetic disorder characterized by the production of thick mucus that affects many organs, including the pancreas, liver, heart, gallbladder and small intestine.
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cystic fibrosis
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Progression of this disease leads to the formation of fibrous tissue in the intestine reducing its absorptive capacity, narrowing the intestinal lumen, and sometimes creating an obstruction.
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inflammatory bowel disease
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___ is infection and inflammation of the membrane lining the abdominal cavity caused by leakage of infectious organisms through a perforation (hole) in an abdominal organ.
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peritonitis
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What are the 2 types of inflammatory bowel diseases?
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Chron's disease, ulcerative colitis
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__ is a tumor or growth that contains foreign organisms surrounded by immune system cells and covered with a fibrous coat.
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granuloma
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This disease is characterized by inflammation and ulceration along the length of the GI tract, often with granulomas.
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Chron's disease
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___ is the inflammation and ulceration of the colon.
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ulcerative colitis
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___ is an abnormal opening between two organs or between an internal organ and the skin.
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fistula
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___ refers to the problems of fat malabsorption and vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies that result from the overgrowth of bacteria in a bypassed segemnt of the intestine.
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blind loop syndrome
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Bacteria in the small intestine partly dismantle ___ which causes fat malabsorption.
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bile salts
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___ refers to severe malabsorption that may occur when the absorptive surface of the small bowel is reduced, resulting in diarrhea, weight loss, bone disease, hypcalcemia, hypomagnesemia, and anemia.
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short bowel syndrome
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A genetic disorder causing sensitivity to a part of the protein gluten that cause flattening of the intestinal villi and malabsorption is called?
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celiac disease
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These proteins act as toxic substances damaging the intestinal villi and leading to malabsorption.
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gluten
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What 4 components of food contain protein fractions that may damage the intestinal cells of a person who has celiac disease?
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wheat, barley, rye, oats
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Sacs or pouches that develop in the weakened areas of the intestinal wall are called?
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diverticula
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The condition of having diverticula is called?
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diverticulosis
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The condition of having infected diverticula is called.
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diverticulitis
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What kind of diet would you recommend to someone with diverticulosis?
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high fiber diet, no seeds
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___ is a surgery taht creates an opening from a portion of the colon through the abdominal wall and out through the skin; the rectum and anus are removed; allows for defecation when feces cannot pass through the colon and anus
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colostomy
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In a ___, the entire colon is removed.
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ileostomy
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People with ostomies need less or extra fluids?
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extra
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What kind of diet would you recommend to someone with an ostomy?
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low-fiber, bland diet
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