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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 types of lipids?
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Sterols
Triglycerides Phospholipids |
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3 fatty acid molecules combine with 1 glycerol molecule to form what?
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A triglyceride
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What chain length can triglycerides be?
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Short, medium, or long-chain
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Which end does the carboxyl go on?
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The alpha end - the front end
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Which end does the methyl go on?
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The omega end - the back end
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What are unsaturated fats missing that makes them unsaturated?
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One or more hydrogen bonds
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Which unsaturated fatty acid is not bent?
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Trans-unsaturated fatty acid
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Trans fatty acids result from what process?
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Hydrogenation
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What do you call the fatty acids that cannot be made by the body and must be obtained from food?
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Essential fatty acids
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Linoleic acid is what kind of fatty acid?
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Omega-6 fatty acid
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Alpha-linoleic acid is what kind of fatty acid?
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Omega-3 fatty acid
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Omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids contain how many carbons per molecule of each?
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18 carbons per molecule
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EPA and DHA are types of what kind of fatty acid?
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Omega-3 fatty acids
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Omega-3 fatty acids reduce the risk of what kind of disease?
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Heart disease
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A glycerol backbone + two fatty acids + one phosphate are parts of what lipid?
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Phospholipids
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What lipid transports fat in the blood stream?
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Phospholipids
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Which lipid contains multiple rings of carbon atoms?
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Sterols
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Plant sterols block absorption of what?
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Dietary cholesterol
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Sex hormones, vitamin D, and bile are examples of what kind of lipid?
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Sterols
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Where does fat digestion begin?
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Small intestine
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What 2 hormones cause the gallbladder to contract and release bile into the small intestine?
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Cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin
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What transports lipids for absorption?
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Lipoprotein
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What is a chylomicron an example of?
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Lipoprotein
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How do chylomicrons travel through the body?
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Through the lymphatic system
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Where are chylomicrons formed?
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In cells of the small intestine
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Can triglycerides be used for energy?
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Yes
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What's the difference between a triglyceride and a monoacylglyceride?
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A monoacylglyceride is a triglyceride after 2 fatty acid tails have been removed
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What is the AMDR for fat?
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20-35% of calories
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What percent of total energy should saturated fat comprise?
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Less than 7%
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What are the 4 components of blood lipids?
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1. Chylomicrons,
2. Very Low Density Lipoproteins, 3. Low Density Lipoproteins, and 4. High Density Lipoproteins |
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What is the function of Low-Density Lipoprotein?
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Transport cholesterol to the cells of the body
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What is the function of Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein?
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Transport endogenous lipids, especially triglycerides, to various tissues of the body.
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What is the function of High-Density Lipoprotein?
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Transport cholesterol from tissues back to the liver
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What is the function of Chylomicrons?
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Transport dietary fat into the blood and to the tissues of the body
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A diet high in saturated fats can contribute to the build-up of what artery-blocking substance?
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Plaques
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What is the RDA for cholesterol?
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Less than 300 mg per day
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To prevent or reduce cardiovascular disease, an intake of how much fiber is recommended per day?
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20-30 grams
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To prevent or reduce cardiovascular disease, an intake of how much folate is recommended per day?
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400 micrograms
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To prevent or reduce cardiovascular disease, an increase in which type of fatty acid is recommended?
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Omega 3 fatty acids
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What 3 medicines are thought to help reduce risk of cardiovascular disease?
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Statins,
Bile acid sequestrants, Nicotinic acid |
