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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Direct Calorimetry
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measures heat output in an insulated room with water
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Indirect Calorimetry
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Has a person exercise then measures oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide output
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factors affecting the estimated energy requirement:
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age
physical activity weight and height gender |
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BMI
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body weight (lbs)/height (inches)^2 * 703
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underweight BMI
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<18.5
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healthy BMI
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18.5-24.9
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overweight BMI
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25-29.9
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obesity BMI
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30-39.99
extreme >40 |
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weakness of BMI
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amount of fat vs. muscle
gender age frame size fat distribution |
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Upper Body Obesity
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apple shape
increases chance for diabetes, stroke, hypertension, heart disease waist size: women - >35 in men - >40 in |
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upper or lower body obesity?
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gender and genetics play a role
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overweight: bodyfat
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men have more than 25%
women have more than 35% |
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Estimation of Body Fat techniques
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Skin Folds (anthropometrics)
Bioelectrical Impedence (fat resists electrical flow) Underwater Weighing Bod Pod DEXA (xray of bones, muscle and fat) |
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Health Risks of Obesity
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BMI >30
cancer gallbladder disease hypertension renal failure asthma atherosclerosis stroke heart failure |
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fattest and leanest state
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fattest = Mississippi
leanest = Colorado |
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Obesity and Genetics
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50% genetics
no obese parent - chance of becoming obese 10% 1 obese parent - 40% 2 obese parents - 80% |
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Environment and Obesity
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decreased physical activity society
increased portion size, intake, fast food |
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Thrifty Gene
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People with fast metabolism are the ones that died out in the famine
we inherited this gene to survive |
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Treatment of Obesity
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Control Caloric Intake
Regular Physical Activity Behavior Modification |
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Diet
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Caloric deficit that produces rate of loss (1-2 lbs/week)
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Why don't diets work?
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people don't realize that its a permanent lifestyle change, focus on weight loss not life style, unrealistic weight expectations
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Recognizing a Fad Diet
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rapid weight loss
doesn't change eating habits limited food selection expensive supplements claims it works for everyone |
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yo yo dieting
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starting and stopping diets throughout life
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Severely Obese must resort to
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BMI >40
very low calorie diets (400-800 kcal/day) drugs (amphetamines suppress hunger and appetites. Orlistats decrease fat absorption) surgery(gastric bypass or gastric bands) |
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underweight
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BMI <18.5
<20% body fat for women <12% body fat for men |
