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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The state in which the body's internal balance is upset by a threat to a person's physical well-being is called?
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stress
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___ stress falls within the body's normal and healthy functioning.
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physiological
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___ stress is imposed by illness, infection, or tissue injury.
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pathological
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Protein energy malnutrition that develops due to a sudden and dramatic demand for nutrients is called ___ malnutrition.
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acute
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An insufficient intake of energy and protein over long periods of time is called ___ malnutrition.
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chronic
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Protein energy malnutrition that develops due to a sudden and dramatic demand for nutrients is called ___ malnutrition.
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acute
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___ are proteins that help regulate inflammatory responses. Some cause anorexia, fever, and discomfort.
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cytokines
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An accumulation of pus that contains live microorganisms and immune system cells is called?
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abcess
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A grainlike growth that contains live microorganisms and immune system cells enclosed within a fibrous coat is called?
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granuloma
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Supplying too much energy further elevates the metabolic rate, which, in turn, increases ___ use and ___ production.
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oxygen, carbon dioxide
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An indirect estimate of resting energy needs made by measuring the amount of carbon dioxide expired (carbon dioxide production) and the amount of oxygen inspired (oxygen consumption) is called?
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indirect calorimetry
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Using indirect calorimetry requires special equipment called ___.
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metabolic cart
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The physiologic and metabolic complications associated with reintroducing adequate energy and nutrients too rapidly in people with depleted nutrient stores are collectively called the ___.
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refeeding syndrome
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___ is a nonessential amino acid in healthy people.
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glutamine
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What are the 3 functions of glutamine?
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1. Provides fuel for intestinal cells
2. Plays important roles in immune function 3. Promotes wound healing |
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The changes orchestrated by the immune system when tissues are injured by such forces as blows, wounds, foreign bodies (chemicals, microorganisms), heat, cold electricity, or radiation are called?
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inflammatory response
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Hormones such as glucagon, cortisol, and catecholamines that oppose insulin's actions and promote catabolism are called?
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counterregulatory hormones
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The presence of infectious microorganisms in the bloodstream is called?
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sepsis
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A sudden drop in blood volume that disrupts the supply of oxygen to the tissues and organs and the return of blood to the heart is called?
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shock
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Protein loss during stress comes from ___, ___, ___.
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skeletal muscle, connective tissue, gut
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Protein synthesis in the liver and the tissues that produce immune cells increases or decreases?
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increases
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The complex of symptoms that occur as a result of immune and inflammatory factors in response to tissue damage is called?
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systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)
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