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113 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Nutrition |
the science of food as it relates to your health |
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Health |
State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease |
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primary prevention |
take initiatives to prevent disease from starting. Ex: screenings, exercise, vitamins, immunizations |
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secondary prevention |
disease is already present, but taking action to control its effects Ex: diabetes, chrohn's, diverticulitis
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tertiary prevention |
use treatments to keep complications of disease at a minimum. |
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nutrients |
chemical substances supplied by food that the body needs. carbohydrates, lipids, protein, minerals, vitamins, water |
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essential nutrient |
need it to function but body does not make enough, so we need to eat/drink it |
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nonessential nutrient |
body makes enough that it will function if we don't consume enough |
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conditional nutrient |
depends on the condition if the body needs more or less |
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energy |
capacity to do work obtained from food |
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kilocalories |
how we measure the energy in food and in the body |
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empty calorie |
nothing that amounts to any nutritional value |
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malnutrition |
bad nutrition; inadequate intake of nutrition |
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nutritional status |
refers to the body's condition as it relates to the intake and use of nutrients; good, fair, or poor |
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RN |
Registered Nurse - response to food, intake and tolerance, provide some nutritional information |
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LPN |
Licensed Practical Nurse - feed clients, monitor food consumption, measure intake and output, record data |
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MD |
Medical Doctor - Treats body by disease |
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DO |
Doctor of Osteopathy - Treats body as a whole |
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RD |
Registered Dietitian - interpret physicians diet order, calculate nutritional requirements, evaluate response to diets, provide in-depth nutrition education and counseling |
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DT |
Diet Tech - take nutrition histories and body measurements, review records, monitor clients food intake, screen for nutrition risk |
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MA |
Medical Assistant - take vitals, height/weight |
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CMA |
Certified Medical Assistant |
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RMA |
Registered Medical Assistant |
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RPh |
Registered Pharmacist - prepare, preserve, and compound medicines and dispense them, counsel clients on food-drug and drug-drug interactions |
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SLP |
Speech Therapist - treat swallowing disorders including exercises, positions, and strategies, such as changing food and liquid textures |
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OT |
Occupational Therapist |
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MSW |
Social Worker |
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CDE |
Certified Diabetic Educator |
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DEXA scan |
bone density scan; measures strength of bones |
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metabolism |
the sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place in the body |
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Three life sustaining functions that are a part of metabolism |
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How is energy obtained from food? |
All food enters body as chemical energy. The body processes it and then converts it it into other energy forms. |
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vitamin |
organic substance needed by the body in very small amounts; has no energy and does not become part of the body's structure |
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Categories of Food Pyramid |
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dietary status |
describes what a client has been eating; how much |
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underweight |
BMI of 18 or less |
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overweight |
BMI of 25 to 29 |
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obese |
BMI of 30 to 39 |
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morbidly obese |
BMI of 40 or greater |
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Dietary Reference Intake (DRIs) |
composed of five nutrient-based reference values that can be used for assessing and planning diets for groups according to life-stage and gender. |
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culture |
refers to human attitudes, beliefs and customs shared by members of a particular group that guide their thoughts and actions |
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ethnocentrism |
the belief that one's own group's view of the world is superior to that of others |
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simple carbohydrate |
sugars |
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complex carbohydrate |
starch |
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CHO |
carbon + hydrogen + oxygen = carbohydrate |
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Functions of proteins |
•Provide structure •Maintain & build cells •Regulate body processes •Produce immunity •Substitute as fuel •Maintain blood volume and pressure |
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Catabolism |
Destructive phase of metabolism |
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Amino acids |
Building blocks of proteins |
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Vegan diet |
No meat , dairy products or eggs |
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Ovolactovegetarian diet |
Eat eggs & dairy products but NO MEAT |
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Metabolism |
Sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place in the body. |
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Kwashiorkor |
Occurs in children shortly after weaning from breast milk |
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Hormone |
Produced by cells of the body that is released into bloodstream to regulate activity of other cells & organs |
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Marasmus |
Not enough calories or protein |
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Legumes |
High in protein -black beans -pinto beans -split beans -yellow peas -lentils |
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Glucose |
A monosaccharide (simple sugar) commonly called the blood sugar; same as dextrose |
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Soluble fiber |
Dissolve in water and thicken to form gels. Help reduce cholesterol levels. Assist regulating blood sugar levels. Ex. Broccoli, oatmeal, oat bran, barley |
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Insoluble fibers |
Does not dissolve in water. Promotes regularity. Ex. Wheat bran, fruit skins, corn bran |
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Function of fiber |
Gives you the feeling of satiety (fullness). |
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Functions of non nutritive sweeteners. |
Sugar substitutes that provide only sweetness. Mostly artificial, or synthetic. |
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Extra lean |
Less than 5 grams of fat Example - sirloin steak |
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Simple carbohydrates |
Monosaccharides- glucose,fructose, galactose Disaccharides- sucrose, lactose,maltose |
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Sugar alchogol |
Sweet replacers • sweet & low • aspartame •Splenda •stevia |
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Common foods for Latino mexicans |
Corn products, tortillas Chilli peppers, tomatoes, onions Meat, poultry, eggs |
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Major source of energy |
Carbohydrates |
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Underweight |
BMI of 18 or less |
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Normal |
BMI of 19 to 24 |
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Overweight |
BMI of 25 to 29 |
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Obese |
BMI of 30 to 39 |
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Morbidly obese |
BMI of 40 or greater |
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Common foods for southern black Americans |
Cornbread, biscuits, corn, grits, yams Melons, bananas, peaches Cornbread, biscuits, corn, grits, yamsMelons, bananas, peaches Kale, collard, okra, cabbage, summer squashCatfish, pork, chicken, black-eyed peas peas
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Ethnocentrism |
Belief that one's own culture & worldview is superior to anyone else's |
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Protein calorie malnutrition |
Persons diet lacks protein & kilocalories |
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Empty calorie & examples |
Contains kilocalories & almost no other nutrient Ex. Water, lettuce, corn |
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Common foods in Northern Chinese |
Wheat, millet seeds used in noodles, bread, dumplings choy Chinese greens, bamboo, bok choyBeef, poultry, seafood, eggs, tofu, soybeans choyBeef, poultry, seafood, eggs, tofu, soybeans choyBeef, poultry, seafood, eggs, tofu, soybeans Beef, poultry, seafood, eggs, tofu, soybeans |
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Another name for table sugar |
Sucrose |
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Fats |
9 calories per gram RDA = 50g |
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Carbs |
4 calories per gram RDA = 300g |
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Proteins |
4 calories per gram RDA = 59g |
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Italian Common Foods |
pasta, yeast breads, starchy root vegetables |
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European Middle Eastern Common Foods |
Pita bread, rice, couscous, bulgur wheat |
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native american common foods |
corn, wild oats, rice, indian biscuits |
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Buddhism Restrictions |
ALL MEAT |
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Catholicism Restrictions |
Meat prohibited on holy days |
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Hinduism Restrictions |
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Orthodox Judaism Restrictions |
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Seventh-Day Restrictions |
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Examples of Disaccharides |
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Polysaccharides |
starches |
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fasting blood sugar (FBS) |
Norm is 70 - 125 mg |
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Monosaccharides |
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Starch |
4 calories per starch |
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Dietary Fiber |
foods, mostly from plants, that the human body can't break down to digest, therefore, eliminating intestinal waste |
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Lipids |
true fats and oils as well as related fat-like compounds; are insoluble in water and greasy to touch |
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saturated fat |
single-bond animal or vegetable fat found in butter, meat, egg yolks *rancid foods |
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unsaturated fat |
double carbon bonds are very unstable and easily broken down..often derived from plants found in corn, soybeans, sunflower oils |
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hydrogenation |
process of adding hydrogen to a fat **adds shelf life |
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trans-fatty acids |
*worst of all fats!! produced by the partial hydrogenation of unsaturated vegetable oils found in commercially baked goods and fried foods (McDonalds) |
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Polyunsaturated fat |
chain contains more than one double or triple bond; helps control cholesterol omegas, bananas, nuts, fish, seeds |
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Functions of Fats in body |
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Lean |
less than 10 grams |
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fat free |
no more than 0.5 grams of fat |
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low fat |
no more than 3 grams of fat |
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low saturated |
contains no more than 1 gram of sat. fat |
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low cholesterol |
less than 20 mg of cholesterol per serving |
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Protein composition |
Carbon
Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen |
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essential amino acids |
must be available in the body simultaneously and in sufficient qty for synthesis of body proteins. Ingested or from body's own cells |
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nonessential amino acids |
body ordinarily can build in sufficient qtys to meet its needs |
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anabolism |
the building up of tissues as occurs in growth or healing |
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endemic |
diet has low protein to energy ratio |
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insulin |
lowers blood sugars |
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glucagon |
increases blood sugars |
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ovovegetarian |
no meat or fish no dairy CAN EAT EGGS |