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25 Cards in this Set

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Nutrition As a Physiological Need
-BHN throughout likfe cycle and along the wellness-illness continuum
-Study of nutrients
-specific biochemical substances used by the body "amino acids"
-metabolism-BMR
-vital to life and health
-important component of nursing
6 Categories of Nutrients
* Macronutrients
-supply energy
-build tissue
1) Carbohydrates (CHO)
2) Proteins (PRO)
3) Lipids (FATS)
MACROnutrients
-supply energy
-build tissue
1)Carbohydrates (CHO)
2)Proteins (PRO)
3)Lipids (FATS)
4)Vitamins
5)Minerals
6)Water (H2O)
MICROnutrients
-regulate body processes
1)Vitamins
2)Minerals
3)Water (H2O)
Essential Nutrients
-body cannot synthesize or make in sufficient amounts
-must be supplied in diet or as a supplement
EX: Amino Acids, water soluble vitamins
Nonessential Nutrients
-synthesized in adequate amounts
-not required for body functioning
EX: cholesterol
End products of Carbohydrates (CHO)
*Carbohydrates (CHO)
-sugars and starches
-organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
-plant origin
ex: lactose only animal source
-most abundant least expensive source of caleries (4 cal/gram)
-recommended 50g-100g to prevent ketosis
Carbohydrates: How many calories per gram?
4 cal/gram
Proteins: How many calories per gram?
4 cal/gram
Lipids: How many calories per gram?
9 cal/gram
Carbohydrates classified as:
(4)
-Monosaccharides
-Disaccharides
-Polysaccharides
-Fiber
Monosaccharides
simple sugars-glucose (dextrose), fructose,galactose
Disaccharides
-Two sugars-sucrose,lactose,maltose
-One is glucose
Polysaccharides
complex molecules that are starches, glycogen, and cellulose
Fiber
-undigestible portion
-plants-more structure, more fiber, bulk & roughage
-small intstine is where most breakdown occurs
Alcohol: How many calories per gram?
7 cal/gram
What is the correlation between Income and carb consumption?
better income=more protein in diet and less carbs
Carbohydrates:

Metabolism
*90% digested
*chemical digestion= small intestine
Carbohydrates:

Glucose
*sole source of energy to brain
*glucose stored as triglycerides in adipose tissue
*glucose is not always sweet
Carbohydrates:

Functions
1)major source of body's energy
2)slows gastric emptying
3)increases fecal bulk
4)elevates mood,increases relaxation-short term
Protein
made of
*vital components of living cells
*Made of 22 amino acids-to make thousands of proteins
*Include carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen
*9 essential amino acids-cannot be syntesized
Protein:

Classification
-complete
-Incomplete
-Complimentary
Protein: classification
Complete
high quality all essential amino acids we need

EX: cheese + bread= complete protein
Protein: classification
Incomplete
one or more amino acids missing "plant proteins"

Ex: peanuts, beans
Protein: classification
complimentary
works as a group