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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what is calcium?
-its functions? |
-calcium is a mineral
-3 lbs found in bones and 1% in other fluids -most abundant mineral found in bone -muscle+nerve activity-clotting |
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functions of-
flouride- copper- iron- |
flouride- components of bone and teeth-helps rebuild enamel
copper- utilization of oxygen + iron- growth, immunity, cholesterol, brain development iron- transports oxygen-in myoglobin- needed for reactions such as energy formation |
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role of hemoglobin-
myoglobin- |
hemoglobin- contains iron in red blood cells- helps transport energy-
myoglobin- traps oxygen delivered by hemoglobin- boosts supply of oxygen available to muscles |
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what is iron deficiency-
who does it affect? |
-most widespread nutritional definiciency
-weak and tired -affects very young children+women of child bearing age-lost blood due to injury, surgery, ulcers- |
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overdose on iron?
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-deposits in liver, pancreas, heart
-can result in liver disease, diabetes, heart failure |
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Blood pressure-
-normal, prehypertension, hypertensions- causes- |
blood pressure- the amount of pressure exerted on the walls of blood vessels
hypertension- 140/90- high sodium intake normal- 120/80 mmHG prehypertension- 139/89 |
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sodium-
-salt sensitivity- |
-maintain normal water balance-
-people genetically susceptible to raise in BP more in response to high-sodium diets than other people |
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role of hemoglobin-
myoglobin- |
hemoglobin- contains iron in red blood cells- helps transport energy-
myoglobin- traps oxygen delivered by hemoglobin- boosts supply of oxygen available to muscles |
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DASH diet-
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-aids in reducing hypertension
-high in fruits+grains- low in meets and fats |
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high sources of sodium/iron/calcium-
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calcium- milk and dairy products+fortified foods
sodium- salt+pickles+cream soup+ham iron- fortified cereals-prune juice-liver |
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DASH diet-
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-aids in reducing hypertension
-high in fruits+grains- low in meets and fats |
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high sources of sodium/iron/calcium-
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calcium- milk and dairy products+fortified foods
sodium- salt+pickles+cream soup+ham iron- fortified cereals-prune juice-liver |
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water-
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essential nutrient
|
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what is water?
|
an essential nutrient
|
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what foods have high water content?
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-tomato, watermelon, orange juice, milk,
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functions of water in the body
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-main source of flouride
-role in chemical reactions- carb breakdown -bodies cooling system |
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-where does water come from?
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-foods
-freshwater sources |
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bottled water-
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-no such thing as gourmet water
-regulated by the FDA -considered generally safe -most is tap water |
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water deficiency-
water toxicity- |
deficiency - dehydration, very sick, nausea, fast heart beat, +body temp, dizziness
toxicity- hyponatremia, low blood sodium, confusion, headache, nausea, vomiting |
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energy formation
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anaerobic- glucose >muscle glycogen>ATP (no oxygen)
aerobic- pyruvate/fatty acids>ATP w/ oxygen -low intensity exercise |
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carb loading
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-benefit athletes in endurance events
-60-70% of calories are carbs -muscles load w/ glycogen -do not improve activities lasting less than 1-2 hours |
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role of protein in athletes
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- helps repair muscle tissue
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role of water intake in athletes
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- reduce fatigue and dehydration
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hyponutremia
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-sodium deficiency in blood (135mmol/L)
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dehydration- consequences
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2% b.w. in water reduction = dehydration
-heat exhaustion+heat stroke |
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ergogenic aids
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athlete "aids"
dietary supplements - no testing for harm |
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caffeine-
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stimulant-decrease fatigue-reduces fatigue in studies
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chromium picolinate
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involved in energy metabolism
-increase lean body mass + fatloss -no effects found in studies |
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ginseng-
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-enhances endurance and strength
-studies show benefits |
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Threats to safety of food supply
|
-foodborne illness (ecoli, salmonella, mad cow)
-cross-contamination of foods -mishandled food supply -hormones -pesticides |
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cross contamination of food
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-substances can contaminate safe foods during processing, shipping, prep, and storage
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causes+consequences of food-borne illness'
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-bacteria, viruses, parasites (infectious agents)
-noninfectious (toxins+contaminates) salmon, campylobacater, ecoli |
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salmonella
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diarrhea, ab pain, chills, fever, vomiting, dehydration
-eggs, milk, raw meat, veges+fruits |
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campulobacter
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diarrhea (bloody), ab pain, fever, vomiting
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ecoli
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watery+bloody diarrhea, ab pain, maybe fever
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noroviruses
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nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
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seafood illness'
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industrial population, mercury contamination, ciguatera fish poisoning (red tide)
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mercury contamination
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fungicides, fossil fuel exhaust, smelting plants pulp and papers mills, leather tanning facilities
-large, longlived fish |
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botulism
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-deadliest toxin
-nerve + respiratory damage -soil,ocean, lake sediment -gas expands food container! |
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how to prevent food borne illness
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-food safety regulations (irradiation of foods)
-consumer behavior (wash hands, 40-135 danger, dont eat raw milk eggs meats, wash hands) |