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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Food energy |
Sunlight and Photosynthesis |
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Hydroelectric energy |
Sunlight-driven water cycle |
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Fossil Fuels |
Stored deposits of plant energy |
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Wind energy |
Solar-driven weather |
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Nuclear energy |
Products of former stars (supernova) |
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Energy is the... |
Capacity to do work |
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1 calorie = ? |
amount of energy required to raise 1 ml of water at 15 degrees celsius by 1 degree |
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Kilocalorie |
1000 cal. |
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Joule is? |
mechanical work: amount of energy required to accelerate 1 N a distance of 1m |
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1kcal= ? kJ |
4.184kJ |
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Calorimeter |
Measures heat energy released during combustion |
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3 components of Total Energy Expenditure (TEE)
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1) Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) 2) Thermic Effect of Food (TEF) 3) Activity Thermogenesis (AT) |
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Resting Metabolic Rate |
energy required for basic body requirements - Varies by envronment |
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Thermic effect of Food |
energy associated with consumption, digestion and absorption of each food |
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Activity Thermogenesis |
Energy expended in physical activity |
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Basal Metabolic Rate |
Minimum amount of energy expended that is compatible with life - thermonuclear environment. |
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BMR uses what variables? |
weight, height, gender |
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Resting Metabolic Rate |
Energy expended in the activities necessary to sustain normal body functions and homeostasis (i.e.respiration, circulation, CNS etc.) Higher than BMR |
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What affects RMR |
body size, composition, climate, gender, hormonal status, and temperature |
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Harris Benedict Equation |
BMR x activity factor to determine total daily energy expenditure |
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BMR x 1.2 |
Sedentary |
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BMR x 1.375 |
Lightly active (1-3 days/week) |
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BMR x 1.55 |
Moderately active (3 to 5 days/week) |
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BMR x 1.725 |
Very Active ( 6 to 7 days/week) |
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BMR x 1.9 |
Extra Active |
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Mifflin-St Jeor Equation |
Most accurate for normal people. |
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Bomb Calorimeter |
Measures the total energy available from food |
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Calories per gram of fat |
9 |
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Calories per gram of CHO |
4 |
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Calories per gram of protein |
4 |
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Calories per gram of alcohol |
7 |
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Major Functions of Water |
1) Structural for cells 2) Structure and function of circulatory system 3) Transport media for nutrients 4) Maintains physical & chemical constancy of intra and extracellular fluids 5) Maintains body temp. 6) Movement controlled by osmotic forces |
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Hypothalamic control of water |
Via antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and various baroreceptors throughout the vascular system |
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Oncotic Pressure |
osmotic pressure exerted by proteins in the blood plasma that usually pulls water into the circulatory system |
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What fraction of water is Intracellular Fluid |
2/3 |
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Edema |
abnormal accumulation of fluid in intercellular tissue spaces or body cavities |
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What fraction of water is Extracellular Fluid |
1/3 |
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What are the various fractions of ECF |
Plasma (1/5 of ECF) Interstitial Fluid (4/5) Transcellular fluid |
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Water requirements for adults |
1ml/kcal |
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Water requirements for infants |
1.5 ml / kcal |
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Female water requirements |
2-3 L |
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Male water requirements |
3-4 L |
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When would we need to increase our water? |
Climate Diuretics Exercise Medications |