Nutrients Chapter 4

Front 1

define monosaccharides

Back 1

are small molecules that cannot be further digested into smaller molecules. they can pass through cell membranes and be absorbed into the cell

Front 2

list the monosaccharides

Back 2

glucose fructose and galactose

Front 3

define carbohydrates

Back 3

are organic molecules made up of the elements carbon hydrogen and oxygen. the hydrogen and oxygen atoms are present in the ratio of 2:1

Front 4

define disaccharides

Back 4

are double sugars as each molecule of a double sugar is made up of two molecules of simple sugars bonded together

Front 5

list disaccharides

Back 5

maltose sucrose and lactose

Front 6

which one of the single and double sugars is not a reducing sugar

Back 6

sucrose

Front 7

define condensation reaction

Back 7

is a chemical reaction in which two simple molecules are joined together to form a larger molecule with the removal of one molecule of water

Front 8

hydrolysis

Back 8

is a reaction in which a water molecule is needed to break up a complex molecule into smaller molecules

Front 9

define polysaccharides

Back 9

consists of many monosaccharide molecules joined together to produce one long molecule through the condensation reaction

Front 10

define fats

Back 10

fats are organic molecules made up of the elements carbon hydrogen and oxygen. unlike carbohydrates, fats contain much less oxygen in proportion to hydrogen

Front 11

how is fat broken down

Back 11

fats can be broken down by hydrolysis into glycerol and three fatty acid molecules. the reaction involves the addition of water molecules and occurs readily with an enzyme

Front 12

define proteins

Back 12

proteins are organic molecules made up of the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. another element, sulfur, may also be present

Front 13

what are protein molecules made up of

Back 13

amino acids: each protein molecule is built up from simpler compounds known as amino acids. an amino acid is made up of an amino group and an acidic group, and a side chain which sometimes contain sulfur, acidic groups, amino groups, and/or hydroxyl groups in place of one or more hydrogen atoms

Front 14

digestion of proteins

Back 14

it is a series of hydrolytic reactions. proteins are first hydrolysed into short polypeptides. these are then hydrolysed into amino acids

Front 15

functions of proteins

Back 15

synthesis of new protoplasm for growth and repair of worn out body cells

synthesis of enzymes and hormones

formation of antibodies

Front 16

functions of water

Back 16

-medium for chemical reactions to occur

-required for hydrolysis

-transports digested food products, excretory products and hormones from one part of the body to another

-essential part of protoplasm, blood, lubricants, etc