Nutrients

Front 1

Why do we need Food (3)

Back 1

1. Energy (Glucose/Carbohydrates)

2. Supply Raw materials for new protoplasm

3. Stay healthy

Front 2

Define Nutrients

+

Name 4 main nutrients

Back 2

Chemical substances that provide energy + materials

Water

Carbohydrates

Fats

Proteins

Front 3

Water in Humans (4)

Back 3

1. Solvent where chem reactions take place.

2. Essential component of

(Blood, Tissue fluids, Digestive Juices, Cells.)

3. Controls Body Temp.

4. Helps transport dissolved substances around the body.

Front 4

Water in Plants (4)

Back 4

1. Photosynthesis

2. Keep plants upright through turgor pressure in plant cells.

3. Needed for the transport of dissolved m.s. up the xylem.

4. Needed for transport of food substances from leaves to all parts of the plant.

Front 5

Water Lost During (3)

Back 5

1. Respiration

2. Sweating

3. Urination

Front 6

Amount of Water Needed Depends on (3)

Back 6

1. How active

2. How healthy

3. Environmental Conditions

Front 7

Carbohydrates

- Made Of

- General Formula

Back 7

Organic Molecules made of

- C. arbon

- H. ydrogen

- O. xygen

H:O

2:1

CnH2mOm

Front 8

Monosaccarides

Back 8

Fructose

Glucose

Galactose

Hint 8

F2G

Front 9

Disaccharides

Back 9

Maltose

Sucrose

Lactose

Hint 9

MSL

MALzahar (MAL)

SejUani (SU)

No Milk (LAC)

Front 10

Polysaccharides

Back 10

Glycogen

Cellulose

Starch

Hint 10

GCS

Front 11

Reducing Sugars

Back 11

Mono + Di - Sucrose

Front 12

Define Condensation Reaction (4)

Back 12

1. Chemical reaction where 2 simple molecules

2. are joined together

3. to form a larger molecule

4. with the removal of one water molecule

Front 13

Define Hydrolysis (3)

Back 13

1. Reaction in which a water molecule is needed

2. to break up a complex molecule

3. into simple substances.

Front 14

Benedict's Test

- For

- Procedure

- Results

Back 14

For Reducing Sugars

1. Add BS to food sample in test tube

2. Shake the mixture

3. Heat the contents in boiling water for 2-3min

Results:

Blue (sol) > Green > Yellow > Orange > Orange Red

Front 15

Polysaccharides Functions (2 each)

Back 15

Starch:

1. Storage of carbs in plants

2. Found in storage organs of humans

Cellulose:

1. Cell wall protects plant cell

2. Dietary Fibres prevent constipation

Glycogen:

1. Storage of carbs for animals

2. Digested to form glucose when needed

Front 16

Hydrolysis of Starch

Back 16

Starch - Amylase > Maltose - Maltase > Glucose

Front 17

Iodine Test

- For

- Procedure

- Results

Back 17

For Starch

1. Add food sample o clean test tube

2. Add iodine solution

Results:

- Solution turns Blueblack if positive

- Has a brown coloration if negative

Front 18

Functions of Carbs (6)

Back 18

1. Broken down in respiration to produce energy for cell activities (mitochondria)

2. Form sp structures

3. Converted into other organic compounds (amino acids & fats)

4. Form part of nucleic acids (DNA)

5. Used to synthesize lubricants

6. Synthesize nectar in plants

Front 19

Fats

- Made Of

- Molecules of

Back 19

C. arbon

H. ydrogen

O. xygen

H:O H much less, ratio not fixed

Molecules of:

3 Fatty Acids

1 Glycerol

Front 20

Hydrolysis of Fats

Back 20

Fat Molecule + 3H2O > Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids

Front 21

Ethanol Emulsion Test

- For

- Procedure

- Results

Back 21

For Fats

Procedure:

1. Add Ethanol to food sample in a test tube.

2. Shake vigorously.

3. Decant water into the test tube and shake the mixture.

Results:

Positive - Cloudy White emulsion

Negative - Remains clear

Front 22

Functions of Fats (5)

Back 22

1. Source & store of energy.

2. Insulating material. (prevent excessive heat loss)

3. Solvent for fat soluble vitamins and hormones.

4. Main part of Cell Membranes.

5. Help reduce Water Loss from skin surface.

Front 23

Proteins

- Made Of

- Basic Unit

Back 23

C. arbon

H. ydrogen

O. xygen

N. itrogen

Basic Unit: Amino Acids

AA > Polypeptide Chains > Protein

Front 24

Amino Acids

- Define

- Draw Structure

Back 24

- Building Blocks of Proteins

Nh2 - CH - COOH

l

R

Front 25

Functions of Protein (4)

Back 25

1. Growth and repair of worn out cells.

Synthesis of

2. New Protoplasm.

3. Enzymes & some Hormones.

4. Antibodies

Hint 25

Grow & repair old

Synthesize 3 things