Nutr 121 Exam 1

Front 1

metabolism

Back 1

physical & chemical changes taking place in a cell, includes all reactions by which the body obtains and spends the energy from food

Front 2

epidemiology

Back 2

study of large populations of people, shows only risk factors for a specific disease

Front 3

adequacy

Back 3

providing all the essential nutrients, fiber, & energy in amounts sufficient to maintain health and body weight

Front 4

balance

Back 4

providing foods of a number of types in proportion to each other, those with one nutrient don't crowd out foods with other nutrients

Front 5

Daily Values

Back 5

nutrient standards printed on labels, general 2000 calorie diet

Front 6

phytochemicals

Back 6

nonnutrient that may have druglike or medicinal effects

Front 7

nutrient density

Back 7

nutrients per calorie of food

Front 8

phospholipid

Back 8

present in cell membranes, allow material exchange

Front 9

active absorption (transport)

Back 9

protein carrier, needs energy

Front 10

diffusion

Back 10

no carrier, doesn't need energy

Front 11

facilitated diffusion

Back 11

carrier, doesn't need energy

Front 12

plasma

Back 12

cell free fluid part of blood and lymph

Front 13

hormones

Back 13

chemical messengers

Front 14

lymph

Back 14

fluid that moves through the lymphatic system, from bloodstream to tissue and back

Front 15

portal circulation

Back 15

from intestinal capillaries directly to the liver

Front 16

antibodies

Back 16

proteins of the immune system that fight foreign substances (antigens)

Front 17

antigen

Back 17

a foreign substance, causes formation of antibodies

Front 18

genes

Back 18

code for body proteins

Front 19

mitochondria

Back 19

energy production (ATP)

Front 20

epithelium

Back 20

tissue, 1st defense of immune system, skin & digestive tract

Front 21

capillary

Back 21

weblike blood vessels, connect arteries to veins, transfer materials between blood and tissues

Front 22

lacteal

Back 22

lymphatic vessels of the small intestine that absorb digested fats

Front 23

epinephrine

Back 23

major hormone that activates the stress response

Front 24

norepinephrine

Back 24

hormone, helps elicit the stress response

Front 25

hypothalamus

Back 25

portion of the brain that integrates and coordinates the endocrine and nervous system to control homeostasis

Front 26

stress response

Back 26

hormone mediated, effects are increased heart rate and slowed digestion

Front 27

bicarbonate

Back 27

secreted by the pancreas, neutralizes ph of chyme

Front 28

chyme

Back 28

result of the mechanical action of the stomach, liquified mass of food