Nursing Roles 1

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Accountability

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An ethical duty that one sould be answerable legally, morally, ethically, or socially for one'sown activities

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Accreditation

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Volunarty process by which schools o nursing are approved to conduct nursing education programs

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Advanced directives

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Written or verbal instructions prepared by the patient that describes his or her specific wishes about medical care in the event that he or she becomes incapacitated.

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Advanced practice nurse (APN)

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Legal title for nurses who are prepared by education and have the competence to conduct independent practice.

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American Nurses Association
(ANA)

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Professional organization that represents all registered nurses

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American Nurses Credentialing Center
(ANCC)

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An independent agency of the American Nurses Association that conducts certification exams ad certifies advanced practice nurses

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Art

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Any branch of creative wrk, especially painting and drawing, that dispalys form, beauty, and/or an unusual perception

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Autonomy

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Personal freedom ad right to make choices

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Beneficence

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An ethical principle that states that one hold do good and prevent or avoid doing harm

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Bioethics

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The study of ethial problems that result from scientific advances

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Case Law

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Body of written opinions expressed by judges in federal and state appellate cases: also known as judge-made law and common law

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Certification

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Process by which nurses are recognized for advanced education and competence

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Civil Law

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A catagory of law (tort law) that deals with conduct considered unacceptable. It is based on societal expectations regarding interpersonal conduct

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Clinical Nurse Leader
(CNL)

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The CNL is a master's degree-prepared generalist who oversees the care coordination of a distinct group of patients in any setting

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Clinical Nurse Specialist
(CNS)

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An advanced practice nurse who possesses expertise in a defined area of nursing practice for a selected client population or clinical setting

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Code of Ethics

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Set of statements that encompasses rules that apply to people in professional roles

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Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE)

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A subsidiary of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) that is responsible for accrediting baccalaureate and higher degree nursing programs

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Common Law

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Laws that are created through the decisions of judges as opposed to laws enacted by a legislative body (i.e., Congress)

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Compact State

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A term of law. In nursing, this law is an established agreement with other states that allow nurses to practice within that state without an additional license

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Comparative negligence

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A type of liability in which damages may be apportioned among two or more defendents in a malpractice case. he extent of liability depends on the defendents relative contribution to the patients injury

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Competency outcomes

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Results, or end products, of planned study and experience that are focused on specific abilities required for practice

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Concept

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An idea or a general impression. Concepts are the basic ingredients of theory.

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Conceptual model

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A group of concepts that are associated because of their relevance to a common theme

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Contemporary issues

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Problems, questions, and concerns that are current for the present time, or era

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Continued Competency Progam

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A variety of initiatives designed to ensure nurs knowlege, skills, and expertice

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Core Competencies

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Abilities and skills currently required for program completion and nursing practice

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Criminal negligence

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Negligence that indicates "reckless and wanton" disregard for the safety, wellbeing, or life of an individual; behavior that shows complete disregard for another , such that death is likely

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Damages

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Monetary compensation that the court orders must be paid to a person who has sustained a loss or injury to his or her person or property through the misconduct (intentional or unintentional) of another

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Defendant

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The individual who is named in a person's (plaintiff's) complaint as responsible for an injury

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Deontology

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An ethical theory that states that moral rule is binding

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Comparative negligence

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A type of liability in which damages may be apportioned among two or more defendants in a malpractice case. The extent of liability depends on the defendant's relative contribution to the patient's injury.

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Competency outcomes

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Results, or end products, of planned study and experience that are focused on specific abilities required for practice.

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Concept

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An idea or a general impression. Concepts are the basic ingredients of theory. Examples of nursing concepts include health, stress, and adaptation.

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Conceptual model

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A group of concepts that are associated because of their relevance to a common theme.

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Contemporary issues

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Problems, questions, and concerns that are current for the present time, or era.

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Continued Competency Program

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A variety of initiatives designed to ensure nurse knowledge, skills, and expertise beyond initial licensure.

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Core competencies

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Abilities and skills currently required for program completion and nursing practice.

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Criminal negligence

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Negligence that indicates "reckless and wanton" disregard for the safety, well-being, or life of an individual; behavior that shows complete disregard for another, such that death is likely.

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Damages

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Monetary compensation that the court orders must be paid to a person who has sustained a loss or injury to his or her person or property through the misconduct (intentional or unintentional) of another.

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Defendant

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The individual who is named in a person's (plaintiff's) complaint as responsible for an injury; the person who the plaintiff claims committed a negligent act or malpractice.

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Deontology

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An ethical theory that states that moral rule is binding.

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Disclosure

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A process whereby the patient's primary provider (physician or advanced practice nurse) gives the patient and, when applicable, family members complete information about unanticipated adverse outcomes of treatment and care.

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Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP)

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A clinically focused doctoral degree in Nursing. The degree that is recommended by AACN for all advanced practice nurses by 2015.

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Durable power of attorney for health care

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An instrument that authorizes another person to act as one's agent in decisions regarding health care if the person becomes incompetent to make his or her own decisions.

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Education trends

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Shifts in conditions and concerns that emerge from and influence various aspects of society; broad changes in the United States and the world that influence the education and practice of nurses and others.

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Educational mobility

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Progressive movement from one type or level of education to another; this movement is often based on flexible, self-directed, or advanced placement options. An example would be the progression from diploma preparation to an academic degree, such as RN to BSN or MSN; BSN to doctoral degree; or nonnursing degree to BSN, MSN, or doctoral degree.

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Error

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Failure of a planned action to be completed as intended, or the use of a wrong plan to achieve a specific aim.

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Ethics

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Science or study of moral values.

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Florence Nightingale (1820-1910)

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Considered the founder of organized, professional nursing. She is best known for her contributions to reforms in the British Army Medical Corps, improved sanitation in India, and improved public health in Great Britain; she is also known for the use of statistics to document health outcomes and the initiation of organized training for nurses.

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Grandfathered

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Statutory process by which previously licensed persons are included without further action in revisions or additions to Nursing Practice Acts.

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Immunity

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Legal doctrine by which a person is protected from a lawsuit for negligent acts, or an institution is protected from a lawsuit for the negligent acts of its employees.

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International Council of Nursing (ICN)

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Professional organization that represents nurses in countries around the world.

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Liability

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Being legally responsible for harm caused to another person or property as a result of one's actions; compensation for harm normally is paid in monetary damages.

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Licensing laws

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Laws that establish the qualifications for obtaining and maintaining a license to perform particular services. Persons and institutions may be required to obtain a license to provide particular health care services.

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Licensure by endorsement

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The original program whereby nurses who are licensed in one state seek licensure in another without undergoing repeat examination. Requirements are included in state Nursing Practice Acts or in accompanying rules and regulations.

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Literature

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All writings in prose or verse.

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Malpractice

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Failure of a professional to meet the standard of conduct that a reasonable and prudent member of his or her profession would exercise in similar circumstances that results in harm. The professional's misconduct is unintentional.

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Mandatory continuing education

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Educational requirements imposed by individual states for renewal of a license.

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Media

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All means of communication, such as newspapers, radio, and television.

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Mutual Recognition of Nursing

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Program developed by the National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. The Nurse Licensure Compact program establishes interstate compacts so that nurses who are licensed in one jurisdiction may practice in other compact states without duplicate licensure.

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National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN)

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Organization whose membership consists of the board of nursing of each state or territory.

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National League for Nursing (NLN)

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Professional organization whose members represent multiple disciplines. The NLN conducts many types of activities, including accreditation of nursing education programs.

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Negligence

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Failure to act in a manner in which an ordinary, prudent person (layperson or professional) would act in similar circumstances, resulting in harm. The failure to act in a reasonable and prudent manner is unintentional.

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Nonmaleficence

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An ethical principle that states the duty not to inflict harm.

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Nursing Practice Act

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Statute in each state and territory that regulates the practice of nursing.

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Nursing science

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The collection and organization of data related to nursing and its associated components. The purpose of this data collection is to acquire a body of scientific knowledge that provides the basis for nursing practice.

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Nursing theory

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The compilation of data that is undertaken in an effort to define, describe, and logically relate information that will explain past nursing phenomena and predict future trends. Theories provide a foundation for developing models or frameworks for nursing practice development.

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Perception

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The manner is which one sees reality.

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Plaintiff

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The complaining person in a lawsuit; the person who claims that he or she was injured by the acts of another.

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Professional nursing

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A specially trained profession that addresses the humanistic and holistic needs of patients, families, and environments and provides responses to patterns/needs of patients, families, and communities to actual and potential health problems. The professional nurse has diverse roles, such as health care provider, client advocate, educator, care coordinator, primary care practitioner, and change agent.

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Proposition

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Statement that proposes the relationship between and among concepts.

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Resipsa loquitur

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Legal doctrine applicable to cases in which the provider (i.e., the physician) had exclusive control of events that resulted in the patient's injury; the injury would not have occurred ordinarily without a negligent act; derived from a Latin phrase meaning "the thing speaks for itself."

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Respondent superior

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Legal doctrine that holds an employer indirectly responsible for the negligent acts of employees that are carried out within the scope of employment; derived from a Latin phrase meaning "let the master answer."

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Risk management

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Process of identifying, analyzing, and controlling risks posed to patients; involves human factor and incident analysis, changes in systems operations, and loss control and prevention.

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Schematic model

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A diagram or visual representation of concepts, conceptual models, or theory.

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Sentinel event

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As defined by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, an unintended adverse outcome that results in death, paralysis, coma, or other major permanent loss of function. Examples of sentinel events include patient suicide during a stay in a licensed health care facility, a surgical procedure performed on the wrong organ or body side, or a patient fall.

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Standard of care

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In civil cases, the legal criteria against which the nurse's (and physician's) conduct is compared to determine whether a negligent act or malpractice occurred; commonly defined as the knowledge and skill that an ordinary, reasonably prudent person would possess and exercise in the same or similar circumstances.

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State Board of Nursing

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Appointed board within each state that is charged with the responsibility of administering the Nursing Practice Act of that particular state.

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Statute or statutory law

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Law enacted by a legislative body; separate from judge-made or common law.

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Stereotype

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A fixed or conventional conception of a person or group held by a number of people that allows for no individuality.

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Sunset legislation

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Statutes that provide for revocation of laws if not reviewed and renewed within a specified time period.

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Utilitarianism

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An ethical theory stating that the best decision is one that brings about the greatest good for the most people.

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Values

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Ideas of life, customs, and ways of behaving that society regards as desirable.

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Veracity

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An ethical duty to tell the truth.

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Vicarious liability

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Legal doctrine in which a person or institution is liable for the negligent acts of another because of a special relationship between the two parties; a substituted liability.