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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Microbiology?
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The study of micro-organisms, organisms that individually are to small to be seen with the naked eye.
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Summarise the importance of microbiology.
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To prevent infectious diseases in humans as well as other animals and plants.
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What are micro-organisms?
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Organisms that individually are too small to be clearly seen with the unaided eye.
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What are the groups of micro-organisms?
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Bacteria
Protozoa Fungi Viruses (non cellular infectious agents) |
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What are bacteria size and main characteristics.
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0.5-2.0 micrometers.
Prokaryote cell structure. Single-celled. Small size. Simple structure. Rigid cell wall made of peptidoglycan. Responsible for many human diseases e.g. meningococcal, cholera, whooping cough, gonorrhoea. |
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What are fungi size and main characteristics.
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4 micrometers to large multicellulare organisms e.g. field mushrooms.
Eukaryote cell structure. Unicellular or multicellular. Fungal cell wall. Limited clinical significance e.g. thrush, athelete's foot. |
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What are protozoa size and main characteristics.
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2-1000+ micrometers.
Eukaryote cell structure. Unicellular Larger than bacteria. Complex cell structure. No cell wall. Relatively few cause human diseases e.g. malaria, giardia, sleeping sickness. |
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What are viruses size and main characteristics.
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10-300 nanometres in diameter.
Smallest of all micro-organisms. Obligate intracellular parasites. No independant metabolism. Require host cell for reproduction. Cause many human diseases e.g. influenza, hepatitis A, B and C, HIV. |
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What is a Prokaryotic organism
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Generally very small from 0.2-2.0 micrometres.
Their genetic material is not enclosed in a nuclear membrane, so there is no distinct organelle called a nucleus. Very few cell organelles are present. They therefore have a relatively simple structure. e.g. Bacteria. |
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What is a Eukaryotic organism
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Generally much larger, 5-40 micrometres.
The genetic meterial is enclosed in a nuclear membrane to form a distinct organelle, the nucleus. Various comlex organells are present within the cytoplasm e.g. mitochondria, Golgi bodies etc. Eukaryotes have a very complex cellular structure. e.g. protozoa, fungi, and all multicellular organisms (humans). |
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What is the Binomial System?
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The naming of micro-organisms.
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What is the system for naming of micro-organisms?
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The Binomial System.
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What are the two organism names in the Binomial System?
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Generic Name-Genus to which it belongs-Starts with a Capital Letter.
specific name-species name-starts with a lower case letter. |
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What are Ribosomes and their Function?
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Small spherical organelles consisting of RNA and protein.
Sites of Protein Synthesis. |
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What is the Nuclear Region and it's Function?
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Bacteria are prokaryotes, i.e. they do not have a membrane around the nucleus. Instead the nuclear region sits directly in the cytoplasm. Bacteria possess a single large circular chromosome, and some bacteria also have additional small circular molecules of DNA called plasmids.
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What are Inclusions and their Function?
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Storage deposit.
Contain materials such as glycogen and polyphosphate. i.e. energy stores or stores of structural materials. |
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What is the Flagella and it's Function?
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a long helical-shaped strand of protein attached to the cell membrane by an anchor for movement.
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What are Pili and their Function?
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Tiny hollow protein filaments projecting from the bacterial cell surface.
Attach bacteria to surfaces. Transfer genetic material/DNA between cells through conjugation. |
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What is the Capsule and it's Function?
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Jelly-like layer of polysaccharide that surrounds the cell wall.
a protective structure. Allow bacteria to adhere to surfaces. |
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What are Slime Layer and it's Function?
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Allows bacteria to adhere to objects.
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What is the Cell Membrane and it's Function?
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A boundry between the cell and its environment.
made of phospholipit bi-layer with protein molecules embedded. Regulate movement in and out of cell. manufacture cell wall components. carry out respiratory processes. |
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What is the Cell Wall and it's Function?
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Lies outside the celll membrane.
made of Peptidoglycan which is unique to bacteria. (target for certain antibiotics) |
