Nursing: Chapter 10

Front 1

What is the purpose of nursing research?

Back 1

1. Close the gap between reseach and practice
2. In the past, practice has often been based on: tradition, authority, past experience, and trial and error.
3. Increasing need for evidence based practice: sound knowledge base, logical reasoning, scientific rationale, application of research findings

Front 2

What has been the historical basis of nursing practice in the past?

Back 2

tradition, past experience, authority and trial and error

Front 3

How does the registered nurse integrate evidence and research findings into practice?

Back 3

- Utilizes current evidence-based nursing knowledge, including research findings, to guide practice
- Incorporates evidence when initiating changes in nursing practice
- Participates, as appropriate to education level and position, in the formulation of evidence-based practice through research
- Shares personal or third-party research findings with colleagues and peers

Front 4

Why is there an increasing need for evidence-based practice?

Back 4

- Because it brings together theory, clinical decision-making and judgment, and knowledge of the research process; incorporating them into the evaluation of research and scientific evidence.

Front 5

What are Carper’s ways of knowing?

Back 5

- Ethical
- Aesthetic
- Empirical
- Personal

Front 6

Which of Carper’s Ways of Knowing relates to the research role of the nurse?

Back 6

- Empirical knowing

Front 7

What are Kneller’s “kinds of knowledge”?

Back 7

- Revealed knowledge
- Intuitive knowledge
- Rational knowledge
- Empirical knowledge
- Authoritative knowledge

Front 8

Which of Kneller’s “kinds of knowledge” relates to the research role of the nurse?

Back 8

- Empirical knowledge

Front 9

What are two databases that can provide systematic reviews of research?

Back 9

- The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
- Cochrane Review

Front 10

What is the focus of nursing research?

Back 10

- The ANA describes nursing research as directed toward building a body of nursing knowledge about “Human responses to actual or potential health problems”
- Also directed toward understanding the effects of nursing action on human responses.

Front 11

What does nursing research reflect?

Back 11

- The traditional wholistic nursing perspective views the client with physiologic, psychologic, spiritual, cultural, developmental, and economic aspects
- The nurse’s 24-hour responsibility for the client’s/patient’s care:
To improve health care outcomes that are cost-effective
To contribute to developing theory and scientific knowledge

Front 12

What is the history of nursing research?

Back 12

- Begins with Florence Nightingale who demonstrated the importance of research in the delivery of nursing care:
o Assessing and collecting data
o Organizing and reporting data
- 1920’s
o Isabel Stewart integrated research into the graduate nursing curriculum at Teachers College, Columbia University
o Published research in the Nursing Education Bulletin
- 1950’s: Nursing Research- V. Henderson 1st editor
- 1986: Center for Nursing Research established as part of NIH, became NINR in 1993

Front 13

What is the role of the baccalaureate nurse in nursing research?

Back 13

- Identify clinical problems requiring investigation
- Assist experienced investigators gain access to clinical sites
- Influence the selection of appropriate methods of data collection
- Collect data and implement nursing research findings

Front 14

What is the role of the associate degree nurse in nursing research?

Back 14

- Help to identify clinical problems in nursing practice
- Assist in the collection of data within a structured format
- In conjunction with nurses holding more advanced credentials, appropriately use research findings in clinical practice

Front 15

What is the role of the master’s prepared nurse in nursing research?

Back 15

- Be active members of research teams
- Assume the role of clinical expert collaborating with experienced investigators in proposal development, data collection, data analysis, and interpretation
- Appraise the clinical relevance of research findings
- Help create a climate that supports scholarly inquiry, scientific integrity, and scientific investigation of clinical nursing problems
- Provide leadership for integrating findings in clinical practice

Front 16

What are specific ethical concerns in conducting nursing research?

Back 16

- Right not to be harmed
- Right to full disclosure
- Right to self-determination
- Right of privacy and confidentiality

Front 17

What is quantitative research?

Back 17

- Uses precise measurement for data collection
- Analyzes numerical data
- Design is rigorously controlled
- Statistical analysis is used to summarize and describe findings or to test relationships among variables

Front 18

What is qualitative research?

Back 18

- Investigates phenomena through narrative data that describe the phenomena in an in-depth and holistic fashion
- Research design is more flexible and less controlled
- Data may be the transcriptions of unstructured interviews
- Analysis looks for patterns and themes
- Allows for exploration of subjective experiences and understandings

Front 19

What factors must be considered before implementing the results of nursing research into one’s own practice environment?

Back 19

- Replication
- Scientific merit
- Risk
- Clinical merit
- Clinical control
- Feasibility
- Cost
- Potential for clinical evaluation

Front 20

How is research used in practice?

Back 20

- Critiquing research reports
- Implementing the results of research in practice
o Research newsletters
o Research meetings
o Continuing education programs
o Computer networks
o Research study guides