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53 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
fibrocystic breast disease pathophys
overreponsiveness of breast cells to hormonal stimulation may cause long term change = fibrous tissue
breasts feel hard, lumpy, painful
fibrocystic breast disease diagnosis and treatment
id by palpation
analgesics - NSAIDs
mastitis pathophys
breast infection with inflammation, result of injury and introduction of bacteria into breast
mastitis treatment
antibiotics
incision and drainage
mastitis care
wash hands to avoid spread of infection
continue breastfeeding
malignant breast disorders etiology
increasing age, personal, family history of breast cancer, high fat/high alcohol intake, treatment with estrogens, early menarche, late menopause, no pregnancy/late first pregnancy, no breastfeding
malignant breast disorders diagnosis
breast self exam
clinical breast exam
mammography
malignant breast disorders staging
spread by way of lymph nodes
malignant breast disorders interventions
radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, modifications of biological response, surgery
radiation/chemo
destroy rapidly reproducing cells
includes those lining mouth, vagina, GI tract - watch for bleeding
hormonal therapy
decrease circulating estrogen levels
block use of estrogen by cancer cells
tamoxifen citrate
increased risk of osteoporosis and heart disease
mastectomy
partial - only a part of breast
simple - remove breast tissue of one or both
radical - removing breast tissue, underlying muscle, surrounding lymph nodes
breast modification surgery
mammoplasty = surgical modification of breast
reduce or increase size, improve shape
mastopexy = removal of some skin and fat and subsequent restructuring to correct sag
augmentation
implant - silicone or saline
also use patients own tissues
pedicale = little foot
breast modification complications
infection
impaired healing
silicone implants break - tend to use saline
breast modification nursing care and teaching
failure of attachment
unnatural color of incision, graft, surronding tissues
swelling, drainage, gaping of incision lines, sloughing of the graft
flow and cycle disorders causes
stress
pregnancy
hormonal imbalances
loss of too much body fat
tumors
infections
organ diseases
blood/bone abnormalities
foreign bodies
flow and cycle disorders diagnosis
psp smear, cervical and vaginal cultures, laparoscopy, ultrasound, pregnancy testing, urine testing, blood testing
reproductive hormone levels tested first
flow and cycle disorders interventions
manipulation of hormone levels
D&C, ablation, hysterectomy
flow and cycle disorders care
weigh pads
1 g = 1 mL
dysmenorrhea
painful menstruation
primary = endogenous prostoglandins stimulate uterine contractions = pain
secondary = endometriosis, pelvic infection, retroversion of the uterus, fibroid tumors, reproductive disorders
dysmenorrhea diagnosis
estrogen/progesterone levels
laparoscopic exam
biopsies
cultures
other reproductive function tests
dysmenorrhea interventions
aspirin
NSAIDs
correct secondary cause
hormonal adjustment - oral contraceptives, hormone replacement, dilation curettage
dysmenorrhea care
aspirin, NSAIDS - read lables
uterine retroversion = knee to chest
premenstrual syndrome pathophys
water retention, headaches, joint discomfort, muscles, breasts
changes in affect, concentration, coordination; sensory changes
PMS interventions
drugs that affect prostaglandin production, hormonal balance, neurotransmitter production/reuptake
diuretics, supplements of Ca, Mg, Vitamin E, vitamin B6
endometriosis pathophys
functioning endometrial tissue located outside of uterus
faulty developmental differentiation of cells, transport of endometrial cells elsewhere, retrograde menstruation
endometriosis pain
results from build up of blood and cells abnormally
endometriosis interventions
surgical intervention - scar tissue may develop into tight bands and strangle bowel/ureters
reduction of estrogen, prevention of ovulation
analgesics
menopause pathophys
permanent cessation of menstrual cycle, decreased hormone production
climacteric - period of gradual decline in hormone production
perimenopausal symptoms
erratic menses, atrophy of urogenital tissues, decrease in natural lube
pH shift toward alkalinity
vasomotor instability
anxiety, insomnia, memory problems, mild depression
perimenopausal interventions
HRT
conjugated estrogens, estradiol, medroxyprogesterone
perimenopause dietary changes
phytoestrogens - soy, tofu, flax seeds, black cohash, dong quai
calcium and vitamin D to prevent osteoporosis
perimenopause complications
resume vaginal bleeding after menstruation has ceased
perimenopause care
cope with symptoms
plan ahead for hot flashes
treat vaginal symptoms with water based lubricant
healthy diet light in caffeine, sugar, alcohol
may still be fertile, use contraceptives
irritations/inflammation of vagina pathophys/etiology
normal pH less than 4.2
care and teaching of patient undergoing vaginal inflammation/irritation
oral medication or local application of medication in cream, suppository, medicated douche
nurse may need to apply
toxic shock syndrome pathophys
first id'd in 1978
superabsorbent tampons, nasal packings
staph
toxic shock syndrome S&S
sudden high fever with sore throat, headache, dizziness, confusion, redness of the palms, peeling of the skin, muscle weakness, muscle pain, GI upset
TSS prevention
rare
sub sanitary pads
change tampons every 4 hours
wash hands before inserting anything into vagina
avoid tampons, female barrier contraceptives for first 12 weeks after giving birth
agenesis
reproductive organs never developed
hypoplasia
reproductive tract portions underdeveloped
imperforate
expected openings do not develop
diagnostic tests for disorders of development of genital organs
ultrasonography
hysterosalpingography
computed tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
endoscopic examinations
displacement disorders pathophys
pelvic organs usually suspended by muscles and fascia
congenital defects, genetic inheritance
displacement disorders interventions
pessary, kegels
cystocele pathophys
bladder says into vaginal space
cystocele interventions
kegels
pessary
anterior colporrhaphy - surgical repair
rectocele
portion of rectum says into vagina because of inadequate support
rectocele S&S
fecal incontinence, constipation, hemorrhoids
rectocele interventions
kegels
uterine position disorders pathophys
anteversion - too far forward
anteflexion - upper portion of uterus bends forward
retroversion - uterus lies too far back
retroflexion - uterus bends backward
uterine position disorders interventions
pessary