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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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APGAR Categorization and Scores |
Activity: Muscle Tone based on degree of flexion and movement of extremities Flaccid: 0, Some flexion: 1, Well flexed:2 Pulse:: Auscultation (Heart rate via auscultation or palpation on the umbilical cored) - Absent: 0: , Slow, <100 bmp: 1, >100beats : 2 Grimace: Reflex irritability No response: 0, Grimace: 1, Crying or active withdrawal 2 Appearance: Colour of skin Blue pale: 0 , Body pink, extremities blue: 1, Completely pink: 2 Respiratory Rate 0: absent, Slow, hypoventilation, weak cry:1, Good crying: 2 |
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New born Assessment CNS CVS RS GU GI EENT Skin |
CNS: - moves all for extremities, flexion and muscle tone present - symmetrical movement -moro, suck, rooting and grasp reflexes present - anterior fontanel soft CVS: - transient acrocyanosis, otherwise pink in color - pulses strong and equal - cap refil RS: - clear with minimal fine crackles shortly after birth - less than 60 bpm - resp effort non laboured - absence of nasal flaring, grunts and retractions GI - abdomen soft, no distention - cord cut and clamped - anus patent |
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Airway maintenance |
• suctioning the mouth but avoiding the middle to avoid stimulating the gag reflex • clearing each nasal passage • adeqaute thermoregulation |
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Body Temp maintenance |
• Cold stress increases need for oxygenation • depletes glucose stores • cold stress increases resp rate and ay go cyanotic • skin to skin contact • stable body temps must be made before ever giving a first bath • hypothermia: if hypothermic warming process must take over 2-4 hours |
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Immediate interventions of the new born - eye prophylaxis |
eye prophylaxis: - precaution against opthalmia neonatorum - inflammation of the eyes due to passing of gonnorhea or chlamydia - erythromycin or tetracycline Vitamin K: for clotting factors: IM over 10- 15 minutes with cardiorespiratory monitor because rapid infusion may cause cardiac arrest |
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Late preterm infant Gestational age Risk factors |
bron at 34-36-6/7 weeks Risk Factors: respiratory distress -temperature instability - hypoglycemia - apnea - feeding difficulties - jaudince -hyperbilirubinemia |
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Hypoglycemia in the new born and management S/S |
• at birth glucose source is cut off along with the cord • insulin doesnt cross the placental barrier predisposing infants to hypoglycermia as a result of increased insulin activity • 2.5 mmol/L or less needs intervention • breast feeding • IV dextrose S/S - jitteriness - crying - lethargic - apnea -weak -high pitched cry - irregular resp rates - eye rolling - twitching - seizures |
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Hypocalcemia in new born and management SS |
• less than 2mmol/L • occurs in preterms, infants of diabetic mother, perinatal asphyxia • usually occurs with 24-48 hours S/S: jitteriness - tremours -twitching - high pitched crying -laryngospasm - irratability - apnea Treatment: early feeding! - iv calcium or phospohorus |
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Discharge Planning: Temperature |
Temperature • causes of elevation :cold stress with resultant vasoconstriction • over wrapping • response to infection • less than 2 months with a fever, go to the doctors • feeling the back of the neck to determine temperature • room should not be less than 24 • keep babe out of direct sun light • proper dressing |
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Discharge Planning: Respirations Colds |
• reflexes such as sneezing are normal and do not immediately mean cold • avoid people woth illness • avoid second hand or third hand smoke • suffocation from loose bedding, warer beds, beanbag chairs, drowning , anything tied around infant neck, cords from blinds near crib • sleeping on back • watch aspiration of baby powder Colds/Flu - S/s: nasal congestion, coughing, sneezing, difficulty swallowing or breathing, low grade fever - feed smaller amounts of food to prevent over tiredness - sleeping: raise mattress 30 degrees - avoid drafts! avoid over dressing • saline drops in each nostril and suctioning well with a bulb |
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Discharge Planning: Elimination |
• colour of normal poop: goes from black to yellow in 5 days - green in 3-4, yellow on day 5 day 1-2 may have red or orange pee, black and tarry stooles - breast fed babies on day 3/4 should have 3/4 wet diapers with clear urine |
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Car Seat Discharge Planning |
• rear safety seats secured in the rear seat • safest: middle back of the car • birth- 22lbs for a rear facing seat, child must be able to walk unassisted, if under 1 and still meet criteria should still have a rear facing seat • SGA: 2500 g should be observed in a car seat for 9--120 min before discharge |
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Bathing baby |
• as much water as possible to cover baby • test temperature: pleasantly warm to inner wrist • do not use runing water 36.6-37.2 degree water -work from clean to dirty: start with face, neck and earst |
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Patent Ductus Patho:Add a new card (or press TAB) |
• muscular contractile structure in the fetus connecting the left pulmonary artery and the dorsal aorta • closure occurs within hours or days after birth due to increased oxygenation unless it is a preterm infant then this might be delayed • ductal closure may also occur due to bradykinin, catecholamines, low pH or acetylcholine |
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PAD Clinical Observation |
• tachypnea • bounding peripheral pulses •tachycardia • crackles •hepatomegaly • chronic hypoxia |
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PAD Management |
• medical management through diuretics, oxygen, NSAIDS, fluid restritiction and ventilator support • small amounts of food • rest m |
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Congenital Cataracts |
- absent of red reflex |
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When should baby start breast feeding? |
Within first 48 hours |
