Nursing 330 Lab And Diagnostic Tests

Front 1

What is specificity?

Back 1

Ability to detect a true negative

Front 2

What is sensitivity?

Back 2

Ability to detect a true positive

Front 3

What are common units?

Back 3

SI

Front 4

What do microbiological studies look for?

Back 4

bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa

Front 5

What does a culture do?

Back 5

ID organism

Front 6

What does a sensitivity test do?

Back 6

ID which antibiotic the bacteria is sensitive to

Front 7

What does a resistance test do?

Back 7

ID which antibiotic the bacteria is resistant to

Front 8

What are some (6) blood studies?

Back 8

CBC
Chem 7/ BMP
Serum osmolality
Drug monitoring
Blood chem
ABG

Front 9

What is a CBC?

Back 9

Complete Blood Count
- WBC - differential
- Hgb - hemoglobin
- Hct - hematocrit
- RBC
- Platelets

Front 10

What does a differential tell you?

Back 10

What types and amounts of WBCs are in the blood sample

Front 11

What does a Hgb tell you?

Back 11

Good indication of bl ability to deliver O2,
Decrease - anemia
Increase - dehydration, lung disease, high altitude

Front 12

What does Hct tell you?

Back 12

Hematocrit - measures portion of blood made up of RBCs, given as a fraction
Dependent on amount of RBC as well as MCV
Decrease - anemia, vitamin deficiency, liver cirrhosis, preg, chronic illness
Increase - increase RBC or decrease plasma (dehydration), high altitude

Front 13

What is RBC count?

Back 13

Related to B12, folate and Iron
Increase - too much RBC
Decrease - anemia

Front 14

What is a platelet count?

Back 14

MPV - mean platelet volume
machine counted - important in blood clotting, measures number and size

Front 15

What is a chem 7?

Back 15

basic metabolic panel -
BUN, CO2, creatinine, glucose, Na, K, Cl

Front 16

What is BUN?

Back 16

Blood Urea Nitrogen
Increase - too much protein, kidney damage, drugs, low fluid, gi bleed, exercise, heart
Decrease - poor diet, maladsorption, liver damage, low N intake

Front 17

What is creatinine?

Back 17

measures kidney function

Front 18

Blood CO2?

Back 18

Used to determine if pH imbalance is caused by respiratory or metabolic problems.

Front 19

Which lab diagnostic would you use for an MI?

Back 19

Creatine phosphokinase (CK)

Front 20

What are some S&S of hyponatremia?

Back 20

weakness
lethargy
confusion

Front 21

What are some causes of hyponatremia?

Back 21

Too much Na loss
Too much water intake
water retention/accumulation (edema)

Front 22

What are some S&S of hypernatremia?

Back 22

thirst
decreased urine output
muscle twitching
agitation

Front 23

What are some causes of hypernatremia?

Back 23

dehydration, increased Na intake, too
little ADH

Front 24

What 4 ways is Na controlled?

Back 24

1. natriuretic peptides - decrease loss in urine
2. aldosterone - increase loss in urine
3. ADH - prevents water loss
4. hypothalamus controlling thirst

Front 25

What causes hyperkalemia?

Back 25

kidney, aldosterone, injury, infection, diabetes, dehydration, too much intake

Front 26

What causes hypokalemia?

Back 26

dehydration, diarrhea, vomiting, sweating, K wasting diuretics

Front 27

What are some causes of hypochloremia?

Back 27

linked to low Na, vomiting, emphysema, COPD (respiratory acidosis)

Front 28

What causes hyperchloremia?

Back 28

dehydration, high Na, related to acidosis

Front 29

What does the serum osmolality study measure?

Back 29

Measures the concentration of the blood.
Fluid Volume Deficit (increases)
Fluid volume Excess (decreases)

Front 30

What are 3 blood chemistry tests?

Back 30

liver function (AST/ ALT)
cardiac markers (CK)
lipoprotein profile

Front 31

What does urinalysis tell you?

Back 31

kidney and other disorders that affect urine

Front 32

What colours are things on an xray?

Back 32

white = bone
black = lungs
greys = organs/tissue

Front 33

What is a CXR?

Back 33

Chest x ray

Front 34

What is a KUB?

Back 34

Kidney, Ureters, Bladder x-ray

Front 35

What kinds of contrast mediated studies are there?

Back 35

- Upper GI series
- Small bowel follow through - Ba swallow
- Ba enema

Front 36

What is a nuclear scan?

Back 36

radioactive isotope injected into patient and look for hyperperfusion (hot spot) and hypoperfusion (cold spot)

Front 37

What does a non-nuclear scan do?

Back 37

provides a 3D cross section of body used to ID lesions, neoplasms, cysts, abscesses

Front 38

What are two types of non-nuclear scans?

Back 38

CT
MRI

Front 39

How does ultrasound work?

Back 39

uses high frequency sound waves to visualise soft tissue

Front 40

How does angiography work?

Back 40

Inject contrast material to check patency of blood flow
- coronary angiography