Nurs 113 - Unit 3 Chapter 26 Assessment Of Cardiovascular Function

Front 1

Hemodynamic Monitoring

Back 1

Use of pressure monitoring devices to directly measure cardiovascular function

Front 2

Hypertension

Back 2

Blood pressure that is persistently greater than 140/90 mm Hg

Front 3

Hypotension

Back 3

A decrease in blood pressure less than 100/80 mm Hg that compromises systemic perfusion

Front 4

Murmurs

Back 4

Sounds created by abnormal turbulent flow of blood in the heart

Front 5

Myocardial ischemia

Back 5

condition in which heart muscle cells receive less oxygen than needed

Front 6

Myocardium

Back 6

Muscle layer of the heart responsible for the pumping action of the heart

Front 7

Normal heart sounds

Back 7

Sounds produced when the valves close; normal heart sounds are S1 (atrioventricular valves) and S2 (semilunar valves)

Front 8

Opening Snaps

Back 8

Abnormal diastolic sound gernerated during opening of a rigid AV valve leaflet

Front 9

Postural (orthostatic) hypotension

Back 9

A significant drop in blood pressure (usually 10 mm Hg systolic or more) after an upright posture is assumed

Front 10

Preload

Back 10

degree of stretch of the cardiac muscle fibers at the end of diastole

Front 11

Pulmonary vascular resistance

Back 11

resistance to righ ventricular ejection of blood

Front 12

Radioisotopes

Back 12

Unstable atoms that emit small amounts of energy in the form of gama rays; used in cardiac nuclear medicine studies

Front 13

Repolarization

Back 13

return of the cell to resting state, caused by reentry of potassium into the cell while sodium exits the cell

Front 14

S1

Back 14

The first heart sound produced by closure of the atrioventricular (mitral and tricuspid) valves

Front 15

S2

Back 15

the second heart sound produced by closure of the semilunar (aortic and pulmonic) valves

Front 16

S3

Back 16

An abnormal heart sound detected early in diastole as resistance is met to blood entering either ventricle; most often due to volume overload associated with heart failure

Front 17

S4

Back 17

an abnormal heart sound detected late in diastole as resistance is met to blood entering either ventricle during atrial contractions most often caused by hypertrophy of the ventrical

Front 18

sinoatrial (SA) node

Back 18

primary pacemaker of the heart, located in the right atrium

Front 19

Stroke volume

Back 19

amount of blood ejected from the ventrical per heartbeat

Front 20

summation gallop

Back 20

the abnormal sound created during tachycardia by the presence of an S3 and S4

Front 21

systemic vascular resistance

Back 21

resistance to left ventricle ejection

Front 22

Systole

Back 22

period of ventricular contraction resulting in ejection of blood from the ventricles into the pulmonary artery and aorta

Front 23

systolic click

Back 23

abnormal systolic sounds created by the opening of a calcified aortic or pulmonic valve during ventricular contraction

Front 24

telemetry

Back 24

the process of continuous electrocardiographic monitoring by the transmission of radio waves from a battery-operated transmitter worn by the patient

Front 25

acute coronary syndrome

Back 25

refers to rupture of an atheromatous plaque in a diseased coronary artery, which rapidly forms an obstructive thrombus

Front 26

afterload

Back 26

the amount of resistance to ejection of blood from the ventricle

Front 27

apical impulse (also called point of maximum impulse)

Back 27

impulse normally palpated at the fifth intercostal space, left midclavicular line; caused by contraction of the left ventricle

Front 28

atrioventricular (AV) node

Back 28

secondary pacemaker of the heart, located in the right atrial wall near the tricuspid valve

Front 29

baroreceptors

Back 29

nerve fibers located in the aortic arch and carotid arteries that are responsible for reflex control of the blood pressure

Front 30

cardiac catheterization

Back 30

an invasive procedure used to measure cardiac chamber pressures and assess patency of the coronary arteries

Front 31

cardiac conduction system

Back 31

specialized heart cells strategically located throughout the heart that are responsible for methodically generating and coordinating the transmission of electrical impulses to the myocardial cells

Front 32

cardiac output

Back 32

amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in liters per minute

Front 33

cardiac stress test

Back 33

a test used to evaluate the functioning of the heart during a period of increased oxygen demand

Front 34

contractility

Back 34

ability of the cardiac muscle to shorten in response to an electrical impulse

Front 35

depolarization

Back 35

electrical activation of a cell caused by the influx of sodium into the cell while potassium exits the cell

Front 36

diastole

Back 36

period of ventricular relaxation resulting in ventricular filling

Front 37

ejection fraction

Back 37

percentage of the end-diastolic blood volume ejected from the ventricle with each heartbeat

Front 38

atheroma

Back 38

fibrous cap composed of smooth muscle cells that forms over lipid deposits within arterial vessels and protrudes into the lumen of the vessel, narrowing the lumen and obstructing blood flow

Hint 38

also called plaque

Front 39

creatine kinase (CK)

Back 39

an enzyme found in human tissues

Hint 39

one of the three types of CK is specific to heart muscle and may be used as an indicator of heart muscle injury