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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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PO Diabetic Meds
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Work to improve insulin and glucose are prod. and use by body. Work on the three defects of type 2 diabetes: Insulin resistance, Decreased insulin production,
Increased hepatic glucose production |
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Types of PO Diabetic Meds
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Sulfonylureas, Meglitinides, Biguanides
A-Glucosidase inhibitors—starch blockers Thiazolidinediones—TZDs Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 inhibitors Incretin Mimetic |
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Sulfonylureas (Action, S/E)
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^ insulin production from pancreas, 10% experience decreased effectiveness after prolonged use.
S/E: Weight gain, Gi, Hypoglycemia, Anemia Hyponatremia, HA May be allergic if all. to sulfa drugs |
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Sulfonylureas
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Glyburide
Glipizide Glipizide XL Glimepiride Glyburide micronized |
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Meglitinides (Action, Contraindications)
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^ insulin production from pancreas
^ risk for hypoglycemia Use cautiously with insulin, Don’t give with sulfonylureas—similar actions, Should not be taken if meal is skipped, Severe renal/hepatic impairment |
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Meglitinides (S/E)
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Hypoglycemia
MI Pancreatitis Arthralgias Chest pain |
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Meglitinides
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Repaglinide
Nateglinide |
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Biguanides (Action)
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Reduce glucose production by liver
Enhance insulin sensitivity in tissues Black box warning--^ risk of lactic acidosis |
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Biguanides (S/E)
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Anemias
n/v/d indigestion anorexia |
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Biguanides
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Metformin
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A-Glucosidase inhibitors (action)
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Slow down absorption of carbs in small intestine
Take with first bite of each main meal |
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A-Glucosidase inhibitors (Contraindications)
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DKA
IBD Intestinal obstruction |
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A-Glucosidase inhibitors (S/E)
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GI
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A-Glucosidase inhibitors
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Acarbose
Miglitol |
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Thiazolidinediones—TZDs (action)
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Improves insulin sensitivity, transport, and utilization at target tissues
Doesn’t cause hypoglycemia when use alone May see benefit of lowered BP and lipid levels Black box warning—may cause or exacerbate CHF |
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Thiazolidinediones—TZDs
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Actos
Avandia |
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Thiazolidinediones—TZDs (Contraindications)
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CHF
ACS Renal/hepatic impairment |
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Thiazolidinediones—TZDs (S/E)
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Edema
Weight gain Anemia dyspnea pulmonary edema |
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Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 inhibitors (action / contraindications)
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Slows incretin metabolism—increasing insulin synthesis/release—decreasing glucagon levels
GLUCOSE DEPENDENT—will not cause hypoglycemia Do not see weight gain C/I in Renal Impairment |
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Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 inhibitors
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Sitagliptin (Januvia)—pancreatitis/pancreatic cancer
Vildagliptin (Galvus) |
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Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 inhibitors S/E
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URI
HA Diarrhea Abd pain |
