Nur171 - Exam 1 - Iv Therapy

Front 1

State of equilibrium in the internal environment of the body is

Back 1

homeostasis

Front 2

Total body fluid for infant, adult, and older adult is what % of body weight?

Back 2

infant = 70-80%<br />adult = 60% (~42 L)<br />older audlt = 45-55%

Front 3

Substances whose molecules separate into ions when placed into water are

Back 3

ions (atoms with an electrical charge)

Front 4

The number of grams of a specific (solute) or electrolyte dissolved in one liter of plasma (solution) is what measurement

Back 4

mEq/L

Front 5

What are the two fluid compartments?

Back 5

intracellular fluid (ICF)<br>extracellular fluid (ECF)

Front 6

Extracellular fluid is composed of what three fluids?

Back 6

intravascular (plasma) - 5% of ECF<br />interstitial fluid - 15% of ECF<br />transcellular

Front 7

The intracellular fluid is _____% of body weight and the extracellular fluid is _____% of body weight.

Back 7

icf - 40%<br />ecf - 20%

Front 8

Transcellular fluid includes

Back 8

cerebrospinal fluid, GI, pleural spaces, synovial spaces, peritoneal fluid spaces

Front 9

Movement of solvent through semi-permeable membrane (from less to more solute) in response to concentration gradients.

Back 9

osmosis

Front 10

Pulling power of H2O, affected by plasma proteins (albumin).

Back 10

osmotic pressure

Front 11

Pulling force of proteins within the vascular space.

Back 11

oncotic pressure

Front 12

Movement of solute (gas or substance) through semi-permeable membrane from area of higher to lower concentration. Occurs in lungs between alevoli and blood.

Back 12

diffusion

Front 13

Movement of solutes and solvents by hydrostatic pressure. H2O and substances move together in response to fluid pressure.

Back 13

filtration

Front 14

Requries metabolic activity and energy. Example is sodium-potassium pump.

Back 14

active transport

Front 15

What 4 processes shift fluid and electrolytes between compartments?

Back 15

osmosis<br />diffusion<br />filtration (hydrostatic pressure)<br />active transport

Front 16

Active transport keeps _____ higher in ICF and _____ higher in ECF.

Back 16

K+<br />Na+

Front 17

Changes in the _____ of the ECF affect the volume of cells.

Back 17

osmolality

Front 18

A water deficit is caused by a(n) _____ in ECF osmolality.

Back 18

increase<br />pulls water out of cells into vascular system

Front 19

A water excess is caused by a(n) _____ in ECF osmolality.

Back 19

decrease

Front 20

The normal distribution of fluid in the ICF and ECF is _____ spacing.

Back 20

first

Front 21

Abnormal accumulation of intersitial fluid (edema) is _____ spacing.

Back 21

second

Front 22

Fluid accumulation in a portion of the body where it is not easily exchange with ECF (e.g., ascites, edema from burns) is _____ spacing

Back 22

third

Front 23

A hypotonic solution will cause cells to _____ in size.

Back 23

increase

Front 24

An isotonic solution will cause cells to _____ in size.

Back 24

not change

Front 25

A hypertonice solution will cause cells to _____ in size.

Back 25

decrease

Front 26

Most reliable indicator of fluid volume is

Back 26

daily weights

Front 27

If a patient is dehyrated and has less vascular fluid volume, electrolye values will

Back 27

increase

Front 28

Fluid deficit will _____ HCT levels and fluid exces will _____ HCT levels.

Back 28

increase, decrease

Front 29

ECF excess volume - BP, P, neck veins

Back 29

BP - increase<br />P - increase (bounding)<br />neck veins - distended

Front 30

Fluid volume deficit - BP, P, neck veins

Back 30

BP - increase<br>P - increase (weaker, more thready)<br>neck veins - flat

Front 31

Fluid volume excess - RR

Back 31

RR - ?

Front 32

Fluid volume deficit - RR

Back 32

RR - increase (due to decreased tissue perfusion and hypoxia)

Front 33

Neurological changes due to swelling or shrinkage of brain cells

Back 33

decrease LOC, orientation, slow pupil response, decrease movement of extremities and muscle strength

Front 34

Osmolality of blood plasma (serum) is _____ - _____ mOsm/L.

Back 34

285 - 295

Front 35

Fluids of _____ - _____ mOsm/L are isotonic.

Back 35

240 - 340 (290 +/- 50)

Front 36

Fluids with tonicities &gt; _____ mOsm/L are hypertonic.

Back 36

340 (290+50)

Front 37

Fluids with tonicities &lt; _____ mOsm/L are hypotonic.

Back 37

240 (290-50)

Front 38

With isotonic fluids, no _____ pressure difference is created so the fluids stay in the ECF.

Back 38

osmotic

Front 39

Isotonic solutions expand the _____ volume.

Back 39

intravasular

Front 40

Isotonic solutions include:

Back 40

0.9% sodium chlorid (NS)<br>5% dextrose (D5W)<br>Lactated ringers (LR)<br>5% dextrose in 0.225% saline (D51/4NS)

Front 41

IV solutions are classified by ______ or the concentration of ions in a solution.

Back 41

osmolality (tonicity)

Front 42

The osmolality of blood plasma is _____ to _____ mOsm/L.

Back 42

285 - 295

Front 43

Isotonic solutions include (3):

Back 43

0.9% NaCl<br>Lactated Ringers (LR)<br>Dextrose 5% in water

Front 44

0.9% NaCl used

Back 44

replace fluid and minor Na losses<br>rapid vascular fluid replacement in hypovolemic shock

Front 45

Lactated ringers contains

Back 45

concentrated electrolytes, Na, K, Cl, Ca, and lactate

Front 46

Lactated ringers used

Back 46

ECF volume losses from burns<br>Post-operative

Front 47

Hypertonic solutions include

Back 47

D5 .45% saline (D5 1/2 NS)<br>5% dextrose in 0.9% saline (D5 NS)<br>3.0% saline<br>10% dextrose in water (D10 W)<br>TPN

Front 48

Hypertonice solutions fluids from _____ and _____ into _____.

Back 48

cells, interstitial compartment<br>vascular space

Front 49

Post-op patients may be given hypertonic fluids to reduce the risk of

Back 49

edema, stabilize BP, regulate output

Front 50

Hypertonic solutions also used to treat _____ and _____.

Back 50

hypovolemia (e.g., 3rd spacing)<br>hyponatremia

Front 51

Hypotonic solutions shift fluid out of _____ and into _____ and _____.

Back 51

intravascular compartment<br>cells, interstitial spaces

Front 52

Hypotonic solutions may be used to treat _____ dehydration.

Back 52

hypertonic

Front 53

Hypotonic solutions may cause _____ to swell, so you should monitor for _____.

Back 53

cells<br>cerebral edema

Front 54

Isotonic expands _____, hypotonic hydrates _____, and hypertonic expands _____ and replaces electrolytes.

Back 54

ECF<br>Cells<br>Vascular

Front 55

Dextrose solutions prevent _____.

Back 55

ketosis

Front 56

One ______ supplies blood to an area, while you can have multiple _____ in one location.

Back 56

artery<br>veins

Front 57

Most IV infusions run at _____ ml/hr or less.

Back 57

125

Front 58

What gauge needles can be used for IVs?

Back 58

16, 18, 20, 22, 24

Front 59

You should rotate the IV site every _____ - _____ hours or prn.

Back 59

72 - 96

Front 60

IV tubing should be changed every _____ - _____ hours.

Back 60

72 - 96

Front 61

A local infection at the IV site is characterized by

Back 61

redness, warmth, tenderness, purulent drainage at site

Front 62

With IVs, you may get a venous spasm (pain along vein track) if

Back 62

solution is too cold or irritating (K+)

Front 63

If a patient gets an air embolism (rare - air gets into venous system and blocks pulmonary circulation), what should you do?

Back 63

call for help<br>clamp catheter<br>place patient on left side in reverse trendelenburg<br>O2<br>try to aspirate air prn

Front 64

What is the Trendelenburg position?

Back 64

Laying supine with head much lower than feet (i.e., table tilted with head down and feet up)

Front 65

IV bags should hang no longer than _____ hours.

Back 65

24

Front 66

Don't keep the tourniquet in place more than _____ - _____ minutes.

Back 66

1 - 2

Front 67

The best vein to use for venipuncture (obtaining blood) is the _____ vein because it's more stationary, less painful, closer to surface, and isn't nestled among nerves or arteries.

Back 67

median cubital

Front 68

When doing IVs check the patient for allergies to _____ and _____.

Back 68

latex, iodine

Front 69

When drawing blood into tubes with additives, gently _____ back and forth 8-10x. Never _____.

Back 69

rotate<br>shake

Front 70

Blood needs to go to the lab within _____ minutes.

Back 70

30

Front 71

After a lab draw, instruct patient not to _____ after the needle is withdrawn because it may cause bleeding into the antecubital area and compromise vessels and nerves.

Back 71

bend