Nu 3 Exam 1 Chp 9

Front 1

After implantation, the endometrium lining the uterus is termed the _______?

Back 1

Decidua

Front 2

The decidua consists of three layers: _______ ________ is the external layer and it has no contact with the fetus.

Back 2

Decidua vera

Front 3

The decidua consists of three layers: _______ ________ is the uterine lining beneath the site of implantation.

Back 3

Decidua basalis

Front 4

The decidua consists of three layers: _______ ________ is the endometrial tissue that covers the embryo.

Back 4

Decidua capsularis

Front 5

One of the earliest signs of pregnancy is the discoloration, or bluish purple hue, that appears on the cervix, vagina, and vulva. This color change is known as ____________ ______.

Back 5

Chadwick's sign = high levels of circulating estrogen cause stimulation of the cervical glandular tissue, which increases in cell number and becomes hyperactive. Increased blood flow and engorgement produces the bluish discoloration.

Front 6

Stimulation from the hormones estrogen and progesterone produces cervical softening called:

Back 6

Goodell's sign

Front 7

Cervical mucus fills the endocervical canal and forms a mucus plug called _______, which helps to keep harmful agents out of the uterus.

Back 7

operculum

Front 8

__________, an increased whitish vaginal discharge, results from hyperplasia of the vaginal mucosa and increased mucus production from the endocervical glands.

Back 8

Leukorrhea - may be perfuse - let mom know that it's normal.

Front 9

Why shouldn't mom duoche during pregnancy?

Back 9

It may remove the operculum or cervical plug.

Front 10

The _________ _________ (sebaceous glands) on and around the areola enlarge and provide lubrication for the nipple tissue.

Back 10

Montgomery tubercles

Front 11

__________ ________ (stretch marks) may develop as the breasts tissue stretches.

Back 11

Striae gravidarum

Front 12

During the second trimester, a clear thin fluid is found in the acini cells, the smallest parts of the milk glands. This fluid is called _______, which becomes ________, a creamy whitish-yellow liquid that may leak from the nipples as early as the 16th week of gestation.

Back 12

pre-colostrum, which becomes colostrum

Front 13

Name irregular and painless contractions that may begin as early as the 16th week of gestation:

Back 13

Braxton-Hicks contractions - as long as they are less than 60 seconds, irregular, and there is no blood or pain, the patient is ok.

Front 14

The linea alba, a light line that extends from the umbilicus to the mons pubis (and sometimes upward to the xiphoid process), darkens, beoming the ________ _______ .

Back 14

Linea Nigra

Front 15

Melasma gravidarum, also known as ________, forms the "mask of pregnancy". This dark, blotchy brownish pigmentation change occurs around the hairline, brow, nose and cheeks and often gives the appearance of "raccoon eyes".

Back 15

Chloasma

Front 16

________, also called "vascular spiders", are tiny, bluish, end-arterioles that occur on the neck, thorax, face, and arms. They are caused by increased levels of estrogen and appear as star shaped or branched structures that are slightly raised and don't blanch with pressure.

Back 16

Angiomas - more common in Caucasian women, angiomas appear most often during the 2nd or 5th month of pregnancy and usually disappear after birth.

Front 17

________ _______ is a condition characterized by color changes over the palmar surfaces of the hands, which is caused by increased levels of estrogen and presents as a diffuse, reddish-pink mottling of the palms.

Back 17

palmar erythema

Front 18

Edema from vascular permeability can lead to a collection of fluid in the wrist that puts pressure on the median nerve lying beneath the carpal legament. This alteration leads to ______ _______ _______, a condition that usually develops during the third trimester. It is manifested by pain and paresthesia (a burning, tingling, or numb sensation) in the hand that radiates to the elbow.

Back 18

carpal tunnel syndrome

Front 19

Since the plasma volume is greater than the increase in erythrocytes (30%), the hematocrit (a measurement of the red blood cell concentration in the plasma) decreases by about 7%. This alteration is termed ________ . The hemodilution effect is most apparent at 32 to 34 weeks.

Back 19

pseudoanemia or "physiological anemia of pregnancy".

Front 20

The pregnant woman may experience __________ _______ __________, or _______ _________ ________ (faintness related to bradycardia) if she lies on her back. The pressure from the enlarged uterus exerted on the vena cava decreases the amount of venous return from the lower extremities and amount of venous return from the lower extremities and causes a marked decrease in blood pressure, with accompanying dizziness, diaphoresis, and pallor.

Back 20

supine hypotension syndome, or vena cava syndrome

Front 21

_________ _________ _______ indicates the average driving force for the movement of blood in the arterial system throughout the cardiac cycle.

Back 21

Mean arterial pressure (MAP)

Front 22

On occasion, red, raised nodules appear at the gum line. These growths bleed easily, and usually regress within 2 months after childbirth. What are they called?

Back 22

epulis gravidarum

Front 23

__________, excessive saliva production often with a bitter taste, may occur and can be unpleasant or embarrassing. Its cause is uncertain, although stimulation of the salivary glands from eating starch or decreased unconscious swallowing when nauseated may be contributing factors.

Back 23

Ptyalism

Front 24

The effect of progesterone on smooth muscle causes relaxation of the esophagus. The movement of food is slowed and the gastroesophageal, or cardiac sphincter (circular muscle located at the top of the stomach) weakens. This alteration prevents efficient closure when the stomach is emptying and allows the reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus, producing heartburn, or __________.

Back 24

pyrosis

Front 25

Stasis of bile in the liver (intrahepatic cholestasis) occasionally occurs late in pregnancy and can cause sever itching called:

Back 25

pruritus gravidarum - it will go away after birth, tell mom not to eat high fat meals.

Front 26

__________, also produced by the anterior pituitary gland, is responsible for initial lactation. Although this hormone increases 10-fold during pregnancy, the elevated levels of estrogen and progesterone inhibit lactation by interfering with prolactin-binding to the breast tissue.

Back 26

Prolactin

Front 27

Oxytocin primarily causes uterine contractions but high levels of progesterone prevent contractions until close to term. Oxytocin also stimulates milk ejection from the breasts, or the "_____ _____" ________.

Back 27

"let down" reflex

Front 28

Vasopressin causes _______.

Back 28

vasoconstriction

Front 29

As the pregnancy progresses, the abdominal wall weakens and the rectus abdominis muscles separate ( _________ ______ ) to accommodate the growing uterus. What is the term for the separation?

Back 29

(diastasis recti)

Front 30

__________, also produced by the anterior pituitary gland, is responsible for initial lactation. Although this hormone increases 10-fold during pregnancy, the elevated levels of estrogen and progesterone inhibit lactation by interfering with prolactin-binding to the breast tissue.

Back 30

Prolactin

Front 31

Oxytocin primarily causes uterine contractions but high levels of progesterone prevent contractions until close to term. Oxytocin also stimulates milk ejection from the breasts, or the "_____ _____" ________.

Back 31

"let down" reflex

Front 32

Vasopressin causes _______.

Back 32

vasoconstriction

Front 33

As the pregnancy progresses, the abdominal wall weakens and the rectus abdominis muscles separate ( _________ ______ ) to accommodate the growing uterus. What is the term for the separation?

Back 33

(diastasis recti)

Front 34

__________ are lipid substances found in high concentrations in the female reproductive tract and in the uterine decidua during pregnancy.

Back 34

Prostaglandins

Front 35

A decrease in prostaglandins levels may contribute to hypertension and __________.

Back 35

preeclamsia

Front 36

___________, in the traditional sense, is the observance of certain rituals and taboos by the male to signify his transition to fatherhood.

Back 36

Couvade = in recent times, couvade has come to describe the unintentional development of pregnancy-related symptoms such as weight gain, nausea, back pain, difficulty sleeping, and depression by the pregnant woman's partner.