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21 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
bicarbonate (point of secretion, function)
the pancreas secretes bicarbonate into the small intestine to neutralize stomach acid
bile (point of secretion, function)
secreted from the liver, acts as a detergent and allows the fat to be stable in solution in the small intestine so the enzymes can break it into fatty acids.
Type 1 Diabetes
(cause, distribution, insulin? treatment)
autoimmune disorder and genetic component
10%
unable to produce insulin
treat by diet and insulin injections
Type 2 Diabetes
(cause, distribution, insulin? treatment)
cause: obesity, genetic, lack of excersise, high cholesterol
90%
cant absorb insulin, high insulin in blood
treat medications, physical activity, diet
Insulin (point of secretion, time of secretion, function, anabolic/catabolic)
secreted from pancreas (B cells) after eating.
Functions to transport glucose from blood into cell.
anabolic (adding up)
Glucagon (point of secretion, time of secretion, function, anabolic/catabolic)
secreted from pancreas ( A cells), 3-4 hours after eating, stimulates glucose(glycogen) breakdown and release, catabolic
sucrose (makeup and enzyne that breaks it down)
fructose-glucose; sucrase
maltose (makeup and enzyne that breaks it down)
glucose-glucose; maltase
lactose (makeup and enzyne that breaks it down)
glucose-galactose; lactase
Enteric (GI) Nervous System function
Receives information for chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors
Enteric Endocrine System function (5 things)
produces hormones communicate w/ organs, influence rate of motility,
release of GI secretions
Communicate with appetite centers in brain
Three Enteric Hormones
Gastrin, Secretin, Cholecystokinin
Gastrin (point of secretion, function)
from stomach, controls gastric acid secretion
Secretin (point of secretion, function)
from small intestine, stimulates secretion of bicarbonate
Cholecystokinin (point of secretion, function)
from small intestine, stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes and bile
Functions of Saliva (4)
lubrication and binding (mucus)
Solubilizes dry food (for taste)
oral hygene- prvents dragon breath, lysozyme, bicarbonate
starts starch digestion
components of saliva
water, electrolytes, mucus, amylase
"Heartburn"
gastointestinal reflux disease. - acid from stomach refluxes back into the esophagus
hydrochloric acid
breakdown of food, destroys bacteria, enhances absorption of vitamins and minerals
glycogen
chains of glucose, highly branched
recommended fiber, benefits
25-38g a day, obesity, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes