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131 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Schedule 1 drugs
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high potential for abuse, not accepted for medical use.(herion,LSD, Marijuana)
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Schedule 2 drugs
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acceptable for medical use high potential for abuse phys/psychological dependency(codeine,morphine etc
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Schedule 3 drugs
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acceptable for medical use abuse potential less than schedule 2 drugs (some codeine)
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Schedule 4 drugs
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acceptable for medical use limited risk for abuse/dep (Benzodiazepines,propox,phenobarbital)
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Schedule 5 drugs
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acceptable for medical use with minimal risk for abuse/dep (Opoid diarheals/cough remedies
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Where do nurses store Narcotics?
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A double locked storage area
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When should a nurses count the narcotics?
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at the beginning, and end of each shift, by on going, and off going nurses.
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How should the Nurse report a discrepancy in the Narcotic count?
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according to facility protocalls
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When should an ongoing record of the number of drugs used be kept?
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Upon removal of the Narcotic for administration.
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What does the Nurse chart when removing the Narcotic?
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name of client, the date, and time of administration.
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What should happen if a nurse disposes of any partial or full dose of narcotic?
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another nurse must co-sighn and witness the disposal
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Prescription
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an order for a medication containing clients name,med name,dose,route,freq,#doses #refills,providers signature
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What groups of advanced practice nurses can write prescriptions.
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Nurse Practitioners,Nurse Anesthesists,Nurse Midwifes, Clinical Nurse Speacialists in colaboration with Phys
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Why should prescription drugs be used under supervision of a health care provider?
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potential for harm and potential for abuse
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Medication purchased without a script used to enhance personal health/treat common health problems?
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Nonprescription drugs/OTC drugs
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What is a chemical substance that alters the function of an organism and may or may not have a theraputic effect?
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A Drug
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A drug that is used for an intended therapeutic effect?
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Medication
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Describes the chemical and molecular structure of a medication and is often long and complex?
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Chemical Name
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Name assigned to a drug when first manufactured/official name assigned by the FDA and is not capitalized.
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Generic Name
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Known as the brand name of a drug/copyrighted name given by manufacturer Ex. Bayer Aspirin/ alway capitalized
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Trade Name
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Oral route / PO means ?
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given by mouth
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Name three ways to give a medication PO?
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Sublingual, bucal , Oral
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Medication placed in the mouth an swallowed
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Orally
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Medication placed under the tongue to disolve quickly absorbed by mucus membrane for systemic circulation?
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Sublingually
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A tablet or lozenge placed between cheek and gum acting locally on mucosa or systemic after swallowed in saliva?
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Buccal (alternate cheeks to decrease irrition)
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Safest and least expensive drug administration route as well as slowest to act?
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Oral Administration Route
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Given by injection into the body tissue using sterile technique usually fast acting?
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Parenteral medication
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Name the four routes to administer Parenteral medication?
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Subcutaneous
Intradermal Intramuscular Intravenous |
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Route involves inj into subcutaneous tissue for medication that doesnt need rapid absorbtion? EX. Insulin
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Subcutaneous= SQ or SC
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Route involves inj into the dermis layer of the skin usually to test for allergic reactions? Ex. TB screening
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Intradermal= ID
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Route involves inj into the muscle tissue where quickly absorbed?
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Intramuscular=IM
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Intramuscular injections are frequently used to administer what types of drugs?
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Antibiotics, Analgesic opiods and Antiemetics
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Method for giving IM inj that seals the medication in muscle tissue to minimize irritation/staining of skin
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Z-track method
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Four common sites for an intermuscular inj?
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Deltoid
Vastus Lateralis Dorsogluteal Rectus Femoris |
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IM route used infrequently near radial nerve & brachial artery located 1 to 3 finger breaths below scapula?
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Detoid (given in thick area near mid axillary line)
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IM/inj for infants/children/
adults? 1/3 distance from knee to G/trochanter of the center of the anterior thigh? |
Rectus Femoris (lift muscle from bone give at right angle)
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IM/Inj site for adults 1 hand breath ^ knee and 1 below G/Trocanter to medial outer thigh. Medial outer 1/3 for infants and children.
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Vastus Lateralis *preferable for infants not walking
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IM/inj commonly used found using finger to find G/Trocanter/Posterior
superior iliac spine then draw line straight between them? |
Dorsogluteal *preferable for infants that have been walking
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Route that involves injection into the vein and has the most rapid effect smaller dose required this way.
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Intravenous=IV
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Route used to deliver a medication directly to a body site such as skin,eyes,ears,
nose,throat,vagina and rectum? |
Topical Route
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A system of measure based on units of ten?
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Metric System
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Three basic units of measurement used in the Metric System are?
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Meter
Liter Gram |
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The three basic units used in the metric system to calculate medication dosagesare
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gram (g)
milligram (mg) Microgram (ug) |
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1g = ?mg
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1000 mg
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1g = ?ug
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1,000,000 ug
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Measure system that originated in colonial England based on the weight of a single grain of wheat?
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Apothecary System
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The basic unit of measure in the Apothecary System?
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grain (gr)
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4 Weight measurements in the Apothecary System
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grain (gr)
dram ounce pound |
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A system of measure used in the home that is not procise usually in cooking, but can be used with OTC meds
Ex. antacids and cough syrups |
Household Measurements
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Basic units of measure in Househlod Measurements
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weight= ounces and pounds
Volume= teaspoon(tsp)tablespoon(tbsp) ounce(oz) pint(pt) quart(qt) gallon(gal) |
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Dose orderd/Dose on hand x amount on hand=
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Amount to administer
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Desired dose/ Dose you Have x Quantity you have=
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Dose to be given
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Drops/Minutes= Total Volume Infused x ?
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drop factor (found on the package of the administration set)
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Macrodrip tubing can administer?
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10,15 or 20 drops/per ml
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Microdrip tubing can deliver?
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45 or 60 drops/per ml
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EID stands for?
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Electronic Infusion Device
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To calculate a Pedi dose you determine the child weight in?
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Kilograms
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What unit of measure is used to deliver medication to a pedi?
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mg/kg of body to weight
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What is the Physiological change caused by medication that results in the body's response to it?
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Mechanism of Action
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The Mechanism of Action alters the Chemistry of the cell environment or ?
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The Cell itself
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What do you call it when cell receptor sites are affected by medication in a unique or certain type of tissue?
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A Therapeutic effect in a target organ
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Determines where a medication acts such as locally or systemically?
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Route of medication
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Intended effect or action of a medication?
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Therapeutic effect
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Has a Therapeutic effect of reducing fever?
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Antipyretics
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Has a Therapuetic effect of reducing inflamation?
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Anti-inflamatory
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The therapuetic effect of antibiotics help cure of control?
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Infection
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Has the therapeutic effect of relieving pain?
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Analgesics
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Has the therapeutic effect of relieving aggravating resp symtoms?
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Decongestant
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Has the therapeutic effect of preventing disease?
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Immunizations
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Has the therapeutic effect of promoting health?
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Vitamins and Minerals
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Some drugs can have more than one?
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Therapeutic effect
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Effects of medications that are not planned?
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Side effects
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Side effects can range from mildly unpleasant to?
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harmful
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Name 3 common side effects of drugs?
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sedation
constipation dizziness |
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When taking normal drug doses?
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Adverse effects can take place
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Name 2 examples of adverse effects?
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increase B/P and bloodsugar
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Effects of a medication that can be life threatining is?
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Toxic Effect
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Low HR, rash and wheezing are all symptoms of?
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Toxic Effect
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An antigen - antibody response to medication?
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Allergic Response
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Allergic Response requires a previouse exposure to the antigen to develope?
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Antibodies
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A mild allergic response to a drug with symptoms such as n/v, rash,headache, uticaria is an example of a ?
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Hypersensitivity reaction
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A lifethreatening allergic response if not treated immediately may result in death with symptoms such as dyspnea, larangeal edema, and widespread vasodilation is called?
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Anaphylaxis
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Treatment for Anaphylaxis includes giving epi,antihistimines,bronchodilators and corticosteroids to?
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Reduce allergic response
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An unexplained and unpredictable response to medication which may be intense or abnormal?
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Idiosyncratic response
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Insomnia is an Idiosycratic response to a medication that usually would make a person?
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Sleepy
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When a medications therapeutic effect is changed by the action of another medication or substance in the body ?
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Medication interaction
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A drug/drug interaction that results in potentiation/ increase in strength while used in coordination with one another is called?
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Antagonism
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Decrease in therapeutic effect
of the same dose given over time resulting in the increase of dosage needed to aquire current therapeutic effect is called? |
Drug Tolerance
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A drugs activity from the time it enters the body until the time it leaves is called?
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Pharmacokinetics
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Pharmicokinetics is made up of four parts name them?
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Absorbtion
Distribution Metabolism Excretion |
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When drug molecules transfer from the point of entry into the bloodstream?
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Absorbtion
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Absorbtion is directly effected by what?
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Route of administration
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What route is the fastest for absortion?
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Intravenous (IV)
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What route is the slowest for absorbtion?
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Topical route
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Scaring and edema may decrease absorbtion at an?
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Injection Site
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Why is absorbtion fast in the mucus membrane?
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very vascular tissue
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An initial dose that exceeds the therapeutic dose to rapidly achieve therapeutic serum level is called a ?
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Loading dose
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A process that starts with absortion of a drug and ends with its arrival at the target site is ?
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Distribution
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What 2 things affect the degree and speed of distribution?
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Health of client
Properties of the drug |
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Distribution is better in a tissue that is highly?
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Vascular
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Distribution is increased by?
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Vasodilation
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Distribution is decreased by?
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Vasocostriction
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What 2 physiological things can decrease distribution?
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Placental Barrier
Blood Brain Barrier |
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The process of deactivation and breaking down of a drug?
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Metabolism
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Metabolism occurs most often in the ?
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Liver
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Metabolism can also occur in other organs such as?
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Kidneys
Intestine Blood (less often) Lungs |
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When a drug goes back into the circulation from the site of Metabolism while being transported to site of exit?
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Excretion
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Excretion is mostly done by the Kidney but what other organs can assist in this?
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Lungs
Intestine Excocrine Glands |
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Depending a medications target, Excretion may occur before?
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Metabolism
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When a drug cannot be properly excreted what may occur?
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Drug Toxicity
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The amount of a drug in the blood is referred to as ?
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Blood Level
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When blood concentration reaches its highest level?
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Peak Plasma Level
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When does IV meds reach thier peak in the blood level?
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immediately
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When does an oral medication reach its peak in the blood level?
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In two hours
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What are the 5 rights in medication administration?
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Right Drug
Right Dose Right Client Right Route Right Time |
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A medication should be given within ?
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30 minutes of schedualed time
(before or after) |
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When taking a med out , just before opening or pouring a med, and before giving the dose to a client these are the 3 times a nurse should?
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Check for Right Drug against M.A.R
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A nurse is legally and morally responsible for correctly administering a drug this includes?
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Following Institution Policy
Consideration of Patient Compliance Correct documentation |
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When should a nurse check for the correct dose being administered?
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every time, prior to being given
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A nurse will check a clients arm band, and ask the client thier name, if coherent, to determine?
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Right Patient
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When checking an order for the method of delivery of a drug to a client a nurse is confirming?
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Right Route
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A medication orderd Qd, should be given within the orderd time frame to maintain?
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Therapeutic Blood Level
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Drugs that metabolize rapidly are given at?
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Intervals to maintain therpeutic blood level
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Name 3 factors that may affect a clients response to a drug?
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Dietary Factors
Enviromental Factors Aging/Developmental Factor |
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Why should a client have proper protein intake when taking a medication?
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Protein binds with most drugs, increasing drug distribution in the body
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The body should be properly hydrated to effectively ?
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Transport and help metabolize a medication
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What 2 issues dealing with climate can effect a clients response to medication?
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Heat= vasodilation
Cold= vasocostriction Ex. antihypertensives |
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The sun can alter drug action by affecting ?
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Enzyme activity in the body
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Infants have an increased risk for medication toxicity due to lack of maturation of the clients?
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Kidneys
Liver Gastro Sys |
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A client under the age of 5 should be admininsterd medication in what forms?
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Liquid
Crushed meds with food |
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Children below 15 months of age should not recieve an IM injection where?
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Gluteal muscle due to decreased development
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